Psychosocial Development and First Substance Use in Third and Fourth Grade Students: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study

Table 3

Means and standard deviations depicting the relationship between psychosocial development and initial substance use/intentions over five-months.

		January	May
		M	M	% Change
Increased substance use and/or intentions (𝑛=131)
	Trust	8.21	8.30	+1.1%
	Autonomy	9.52	9.89	+3.9%
	Initiative	8.73	8.83	+1.2%
	Industry	8.17	7.99	−2.2%
	Identity	9.13	9.12	−.1%
No substance use and/or intentions (𝑛=378)
	Trust	8.06	8.70	+7.9%*
	Autonomy	9.44	10.04	+6.4%*
	Initiative	8.62	9.05	+5.0%*
	Industry	8.16	8.63	+5.8%*
	Identity	9.06	9.50	+4.9%*