Research Article
Psychosocial Development and First Substance Use in Third and Fourth Grade Students: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study
Table 3
Means and standard deviations depicting the relationship between psychosocial development and initial substance use/intentions over five-months.
| | | January | May | | | | M | M | % Change |
| | | | Increased substance use and/or intentions () | | | | Trust | 8.21 | 8.30 | +1.1% | | Autonomy | 9.52 | 9.89 | +3.9% | | Initiative | 8.73 | 8.83 | +1.2% | | Industry | 8.17 | 7.99 | −2.2% | | Identity | 9.13 | 9.12 | % |
| No substance use and/or intentions () | | | | | | Trust | 8.06 | 8.70 | +7.9%* | | Autonomy | 9.44 | 10.04 | +6.4%* | | Initiative | 8.62 | 9.05 | +5.0%* | | Industry | 8.16 | 8.63 | +5.8%* | | Identity | 9.06 | 9.50 | +4.9%* |
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