Primary School Age Students' Spontaneous Comments about Math Reveal Emerging Dispositions Linked to Later Mathematics Achievement

Table 1

Likability scores: coding criteria and real examples of math and reading definitions.

Score	Definition	Math examples	Reading examples
−2	Extremely disliked, hated, or dreaded. Includes reference to words such as hate, worst, awful, and so forth.	n/a^a	“When you sit and read a book bored out of your mind.”
−1	Disliked or avoided. Includes reference to words such as do not like, not fun, boring, bad, and so on.	“Math is something I do not like.”	“Something you do only when you need to do it, you have to read to figure out information.”
0	Neutral feeling or tolerated. Includes no reference to an emotion.	“When you learn math problems.”	“Like when you read a book in school or at home.”
1	Liked or enjoyed. Includes reference to words such as play, fun, like, good, and so forth.	“Math is fun, you could do math at school—you could do it anywhere!”	“You can read for information or just for the fun of it.”
2	Extremely liked, loved, or favored. Includes reference to words such as love, favorite, best, and so forth.	n/a^a	“Oh I love to read.”

Note: ^aNo responses were coded at this value.