Research Article
The Effects of Soothing Techniques and Rough-and-Tumble Play on the Early Development of Temperament: A Longitudinal Study of Infants
Table 1
Means (SD) for temperament scores and percentages (number of participants) categorized by play type.
| | IBQ-R | ECBQ | | 4 months | 8 months | 12 months | 18 months | 24 months |
| Positive affectivity/Surgency | 3.62 (.69) | 4.30 (.57) | 4.53 (.54) | 4.81 (.65) | 4.95 (.62) | Negative Emotionality | 3.11 (.66) | 3.59 (.66) | 3.66 (.60) | 3.00 (.48) | 3.15 (.54) | Regulatory capacity/orienting | 4.75 (.60) | 4.55 (.55) | 4.52 (.48) | 4.05 (.54) | 4.20 (.55) |
| | Play type | | 4 months | 8 months | 12 months | 18 months | 24 months |
| Rough % () | 60.3 (114) | 83.1 (157) | 73.5 (139) | 50.3 (95) | 39.7 (75) | Nonrough % () | 39.7 (75) | 16.9 (32) | 26.5 (50) | 49.7 (94) | 60.3 (114) |
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