The Effects of Soothing Techniques and Rough-and-Tumble Play on the Early Development of Temperament: A Longitudinal Study of Infants

Table 1

Means (SD) for temperament scores and percentages (number of participants) categorized by play type.

	IBQ-R			ECBQ
	4 months	8 months	12 months	18 months	24 months
Positive affectivity/Surgency	3.62 (.69)	4.30 (.57)	4.53 (.54)	4.81 (.65)	4.95 (.62)
Negative Emotionality	3.11 (.66)	3.59 (.66)	3.66 (.60)	3.00 (.48)	3.15 (.54)
Regulatory capacity/orienting	4.75 (.60)	4.55 (.55)	4.52 (.48)	4.05 (.54)	4.20 (.55)
	Play type
	4 months	8 months	12 months	18 months	24 months
Rough % ()	60.3 (114)	83.1 (157)	73.5 (139)	50.3 (95)	39.7 (75)
Nonrough % ()	39.7 (75)	16.9 (32)	26.5 (50)	49.7 (94)	60.3 (114)