Child Welfare Deprivation in Rural Nigeria: A Counting Approach
Table 1
Dimensions and deprivation thresholds.
Safe drinking water
Children using water from an unimproved source such as open wells, open springs, or surface water [31].
Sanitation
Children using unimproved sanitation facilities such as pit latrine without slab, open pit latrine, bucket toilet, and hanging toilet [31].
Housing
Children living in a house with no flooring (i.e., a mud or dung floor) or inadequate roofing [31].
Health
Children who have not been immunized by 2 years of age. A child is deprived if the child has not received eight of the following vaccinations, bcg, dpt1, dpt2, dpt3, polio0, polio1, polio2, polio3, and measles, or did not receive vitamin A supplementation [31].
Nutrition
Children who are more than two standard deviations below the international reference population for stunting (height for age) or wasting (weight for height) or are underweight (weight for age). The standardization follows the algorithms provided by the WHO Child Growth Reference Study [32].
