Stroke Risk Status, Anticoagulation Treatment, and Quality-of-Life in Chinese Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: China Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (CRAF)

Table 1

Patient characteristics.

Characteristics	Total	NVAF	VAF	p-Value
	(n = 4161)	(n = 3562)	(n = 599)
Age (years), mean ± SD	68.3 ± 11.9	69.3 ± 11.6	62.0 ± 11.5	<0.001
Female, n (%)	1950 (46.9)	1541 (43.3)	409 (68.3)	<0.001
Duration of AF (years), mean ± SD	5.7 ± 6.9	5.1 ± 6.3	8.5 ± 9.1	<0.001
Region, n, (%)				0.019
Northeast	138 (3.3)	125 (3.5)	13 (2.2)
East	2664 (64.0)	2279 (64.0)	385 (64.3)
West	583 (14.0)	480 (13.5)	103 (17.2)
Middle	776 (18.6)	678 (19.0)	98 (16.4)
Hospital level, n (%)				0.305
Secondary	742 (17.8)	644 (18.1)	98 (16.4)
Tertiary	3419 (82.2)	2918 (81.9)	501 (83.6)
Current smoker, n (%)	411 (9.9)	383 (10.8)	28 (4.7)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2), mean ± SD	24.0 ± 3.5	24.3 ± 3.5	22.7 ± 3.4	<0.001
SBP (mmHg), mean ± SD	129.6 ±18.1	130.7 ±18.0	123.2 ±17.1	<0.001
DBP (mmHg), mean ± SD	78.2 ± 11.6	78.7 ± 11.6	75.2 ± 11.1	<0.001
Type of AF, n (%)				<0.001
New-onset	511 (12.3)	470 (13.2)	41 (6.8)
Paroxysmal	1347 (32.4)	1257 (35.3)	90 (15.0)
Persistent	1293 (31.1)	1072 (30.1)	221 (36.9)
Permanent	995 (23.9)	752 (21.1)	243 (40.6)
Cardiovascular disease, n (%)
Coronary artery disease	1395 (33.7)	1321 (37.3)	74 (12.4)	<0.001
Hypertension	2375 (57.1)	2199 (61.8)	176 (29.4)	<0.001
Diabetes mellitus	705 (16.9)	624 (17.5)	81 (13.5)	0.013
Heart failure	1588 (38.2)	1235 (34.7)	353 (58.9)	<0.001
NYHA classification, n (%)				<0.001
Class I	36 (0.9)	30 (0.8)	6 (1.0)
Class II	397 (9.6)	323 (9.1)	74 (12.4)
Class III	745 (17.9)	577 (16.2)	168 (28.2)
Class IV	388 (9.3)	101 (16.9)	577 (16.2)
Peripheral artery disease	184 (4.4)	161 (4.5)	23 (3.8)	0.441
Renal dysfunction	186 (4.5)	167 (4.7)	19 (3.2)	0.082
Hepatic disease	168 (4.0)	139 (3.9)	29 (4.8)	0.293
Dyslipidemia	851 (20.5)	772 (21.7)	79 (13.2)	<0.001
Thromboembolic events, n (%)	722 (17.4)	620 (17.4)	102 (17.0)	0.808
Ischemic stroke	518 (12.5)	448 (12.6)	70 (13.5)	0.538
TIA	123 (3.0)	104 (2.9)	19 (3.2)	0.738
Non-CNS embolism	42 (1.0)	29 (0.8)	13 (2.2)	0.006
Bleeding events	310 (7.5)	233 (6.5)	77 (12.9)	<0.001
GI bleeding	87 (2.1)	74 (2.1)	13 (2.2)	0.641
ICH	67 (1.6)	56 (1.6)	11 (1.8)	0.884
Other sites	156 (3.7)	103 (2.9)	53 (8.8)	<0.001
Antiarrhythmic treatment, n (%)				<0.001
Rhythm control	854 (20.5)	790 (22.2)	64 (10.7)
Rate control	2330 (56.1)	1899 (53.4)	431 (72.1)
Both	410 (9.9)	370 (10.4)	40 (6.7)

AF: atrial fibrillation; BMI: body mass index; CNS: central nervous system; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; NVAF: non-valvular atrial fibrillation; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; SD: standard deviation; TIA: transient ischemic attack; VAF: valvular atrial fibrillation; GI: gastrointestinal bleeding; ICH: intracranial bleeding.