Review Article

The Role of Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1/FoxO-Mediated Transcription for the Pathogenesis of Obesity-Associated Dementia

Figure 4

APP cleavage. (a) Nonamyloidogenic pathway: APP is cleaved by α-secretase leading to a membrane-bound C83 (α c-terminal fragment, αCTF) and the soluble APPsα; (b) amyloidogenic pathway: APP is cleaved via the β-secretase (BACE-1) and γ-secretase (presenilin complex). β- and subsequent γ-cleavage of APP leads to generation of β-amyloid40/42(Aβ). Abbreviations: APP, amyloid precursor protein; Aβ, β-amyloid; BACE, β-site cleavage enzyme.
384094.fig.004a
(a)
384094.fig.004b
(b)