Age-Related Neurodegeneration and Memory Loss in Down Syndrome
Figure 3
Effects of the NE neurotoxin DSP-4 on Ts65Dn and normosomic mice. Note significant aggravation of performance in a memory task (a) coupled with aggravated activation of microglial cells (b–d) in the hippocampal formation, as evidenced by Cd45 immunohistochemistry. (a) Average number of errors in a water radial arm maze. The NE lesion exhibited more pronounced effects on errors in the maze in TS than in NS mice, and TS mice performed more errors than NS mice, regardless of NE lesions (DSP) or not (Sal). (b–d) Cd45 staining of microglial cells in the hippocampus in a normosomic mouse (NS) treated with saline (b), a Ts65Dn mice on saline (c), and a Ts65Dn mouse that received DSP-4 lesions of the LC-NE neurons (d). Note significant activation of individual microglial cells as a result of the NE lesion in TS mice compared to controls. Quantitation of inflammatory processes is available in Lockrow et al., 2011 [22].
