Social Determinants of Active Aging: Differences in Mortality and the Loss of Healthy Life between Different Income Levels among Older Japanese in the AGES Cohort Study

Table 4

Age-adjusted hazard ratio for mortality and loss of healthy life.

				Mortality				Loss of healthy life
		𝑛	%	Hazard; ratio	95% confidence interval		𝑃	Hazard; ratio	95% confidence interval		𝑃
					Lower	Upper			Lower	Upper
Sample subjects are all community-dwelling independent elderly
	Income level
	Level 5	2417	23.5	1.00				1.00
	Level 4	3113	30.3	1.17	0.99	1.40	0.073	1.23	1.07	1.41	0.004
Men	Level 3	2568	25.0	1.55	1.31	1.84	<0.001	1.54	1.35	1.77	<0.001
	Level 2	2150	20.9	1.53	1.28	1.82	<0.001	1.73	1.51	1.99	<0.001
	Level 1	42	0.4	3.50	1.91	6.42	<0.001	3.71	2.24	6.13	<0.001
	Income level
	Level 5	413	3.3	1.00				1.00
	Level 4	480	3.8	1.44	0.79	2.62	0.231	1.17	0.84	1.64	0.352
Women	Level 3	7900	63.0	1.42	0.90	2.25	0.129	1.12	0.88	1.43	0.363
	Level 2	3691	29.4	1.54	0.97	2.45	0.069	1.41	1.10	1.81	0.007
	Level 1	55	0.4	2.48	1.09	5.67	0.031	2.27	1.43	3.63	0.001
Sample subjects are limited to those who responded about income in the mail survey
	Income level
	Level 5	1332	27.6	1.00				1.00
	Level 4	1744	36.2	1.03	0.81	1.32	0.790	1.12	0.92	1.37	0.242
Men	Level 3	890	18.4	1.42	1.10	1.84	0.008	1.47	1.20	1.82	<0.001
	Level 2	854	17.7	1.24	0.94	1.63	0.125	1.59	1.29	1.97	<0.001
	Level 1	4	0.1	—	—	—	—	2.16	0.30	15.42	0.444
	Income level
	Level 5	172	3.9	1.00				1.00
	Level 4	209	4.7	1.86	0.62	5.56	0.267	1.12	0.65	1.93	0.684
Women	Level 3	2772	62.1	1.72	0.70	4.19	0.234	0.91	0.61	1.37	0.661
	Level 2	1308	29.3	1.50	0.60	3.72	0.385	1.17	0.78	1.77	0.453
	Level 1	6	0.1	—	—	—	—	0.45	0.06	3.31	0.430