Are Dementia Patient's Engagement Using Tailored Stimuli the Same? The Apathy Dilemma in Nursing Home Residents

Table 2

Participant’s demographics and clinical characteristics.

Characteristics	Apathetic, 𝑛=14	Nonapathetic, 𝑛=26	𝑃 value	Total (𝑛=40)
Age, 𝑦, mean, CI95%	83.6 (81.2–86)	86.3 (84.2–88.5)	NS	85.4 (83.8–87)
Gender, female, 𝑛, %	8 (57)	21 (81)		19 (72.5)
Education, 𝑛, %
Primary school	8 (20)	17 (42.5)	NS	25 (62.5)
High school	6 (15)	2 (5)	NS	8 (20)
Tertiary qualification (TQ)	0 (0)	7 (17.5)	NS	7 (17.5)
Mini mental state examination score (0–30), mean, CI95%	17.9 [15.9–20]	17.6 [16–19.1]	NS	17.7 [16.5–19]
Moderately severe cognitive impairment (10–15), 𝑛 (%)	5 (12.5)	12 (30)	NS	17 (42.5)
Moderate cognitive impairment (16–20), 𝑛 (%)	6 (15)	8 (20)	NS	14 (35)
Mild cognitive impairment (21–26), 𝑛 (%)	3 (7.5)	6 (15)	NS	9 (22.5)
Neuropsychiatric inventory (0–144), mean CI95%	19.7 [9–30.5]	9.5 [6.1–13]	NS	13.1 [8.7–17.5]
Neuropsychiatric distress Total (0–60), mean CI95%	6.5 [2–11]	4 [2.8–5.3]	NS	4.9 [3.2–6.6]
Frontal assessment battery (0–18), mean CI95%	10 [8.7–11.3]	8.7 [7.7–9.8]	NS	9.1 [8.3–9.9]
Apathy inventory criteria (0–12), mean CI95%	3.7 [2.3–5.2]	2.6 [1.6–3.5]	NS	2.9 [2.2–3.7]

Note: Nonparametric and parametric tests were used according to the data characteristics.