Osteosarcopenic Obesity Syndrome: What Is It and How Can It Be Identified and Diagnosed?

Table 1

Diagnostic criteria for osteosarcopenic obesity based on body composition (via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA).

Condition	T-score for BMD ≤−1.0 SD at the femoral neck, proximal femur, or lumbar spine	20th percentile of ALM for women	Fat mass ≥ 32% for women
Osteopenia/osteoporosis	Yes	No	No
Sarcopenia	No	Yes	No
Obesity	No	No	Yes
Osteopenic sarcopenia	Yes	Yes	No
Osteopenic obesity	Yes	No	Yes
Sarcopenic obesity	No	Yes	Yes
Osteosarcopenic obesity	Yes	Yes	Yes

BMD: bone mineral density; ALM: appendicular lean mass.