Research Article
Hand Grip Strength and Its Sociodemographic and Health Correlates among Older Adult Men and Women (50 Years and Older) in Indonesia
Table 1
Sample characteristics and mean hand grip strength (HGS) among older adult men and women in Indonesia.
| | Variable | Sample | Men | Women | | (n=3318, 48.8%) | (n=3779, 51.2%) |
| | Socio-demographics | | Mean HGS (kg) |
| | | | M (SD) | M (SD) |
| | All | 7097 | 28.2 (7.4) | 17.2 (5.4) | | Age in yrs (M=61.2, SD=9.4) | | | | | 50-59 | 3740 (54.8) | 30.9 (6.7) | 19.0 (4.9) | | 60-69 | 2056 (28.8) | 26.8 (6.2) | 16.6 (4.9) | | 70-79 | 1011 (12.7) | 22.2 (6.3) | 13.3 (4.8) | | 80+ | 290 (3.7) | 17.9 (6.5) | 11.2 (4.8) |
| | Education | | | | | None | 1101 (15.7) | 24.3 (7.5) | 15.1 (5.5) | | Elementary | 3899 (56.4) | 27.6 (7.3) | 17.5 (5.2) | | High school | 1547 (21.1) | 30.1 (6.9) | 18.4 (5.0) | | Higher education | 515 (6.8) | 30.4 (7.5) | 20.0 (5.0) | | Missing | 35 | | |
| | Economic background | | | | | Poor | 1999 (31.2) | 27.6 (6.9) | 17.1 (5.3) | | Medium | 2706 (42.1) | 29.3 (7.1) | 17.9 (5.1) | | Rich | 1713 (26.7) | 29.0 (7.3) | 18.1 (5.2) | | Missing | 679 | | |
| | Residential status | | | | | Rural | 3212 (48.9) | 27.4 (7.6) | 17.0 (5.6) | | Urban | 3885 (51.1) | 28.9 (7.2) | 17.5 (5.1) |
| | Region | | | | | Sumatra | 1464 (20.6) | 28.4 (7.1) | 17.8 (5.0) | | Java | 4125 (58.1) | 28.1 (7.5) | 17.1 (5.5) | | Major island groups | 1508 (21.2) | 27.9 (7.2) | 17.2 (4.7) |
| | Anthropometric measures | | | |
| | Body Mass Index (BMI) | | | | | Normal | 2699 (38.9) | 27.6 (7.1) | 16.4 (5.0) | | Underweight | 973 (13.7) | 23.5 (6.6) | 14.1 (5.1) | | Overweight or obesity | 3390 (47.4) | 30.7 (7.1) | 18.5 (5.2) | | Missing | 35 | | |
| | Health variables | | | |
| | Cognitive functioning (low) | | | | | No | 3754 (70.8) | 29.8 (6.9) | 18.9 (4.9) | | Yes | 1552 (29.2) | 27.1 (6.8) | 16.7 (5.1) | | Missing | 1791 | | |
| | Self-rated health status | | | | | Unhealthy | 2355 (30.5) | 26.4 (7.6) | 16.5 (5.2) | | Somewhat healthy | 3706 (53.7) | 28.6 (7.3) | 17.5 (5.4) | | Very healthy | 1036 (15.8) | 29.9 (7.1) | 17.8 (5.5) |
| | Functional disability | | | | | None | 5031 (72.2) | 29.1 (7.1) | 18.0 (5.2) | | One | 1553 (21.7) | 26.1 (7.7) | 15.6 (5.1) | | Two or more | 511 (6.1) | 23.9 (7.6) | 13.6 (5.9) | | Missing | 2 | | |
| | Chronic conditions | | | | | None | 3659 (52.6) | 28.4 (7.5) | 17.1 (5.2) | | One | 1952 (27.5) | 28.1 (7.2) | 17.5 (5.7) | | Two or more | 1485 (19.9) | 27.3 (7.5) | 17.2 (5.3) | | Missing | 1 | | |
| | Physical activity | | | | | Low or inactive | 2931 (43.9) | 28.4 (7.3) | 17.2 (5.3) | | Moderate or high | 3486 (56.1) | 28.9 (7.3) | 18.1 (5.1) | | Missing | 680 | | |
| | Severe depressive symptoms | | | | | No | 6944 (84.5) | 28.8 (7.1) | 17.7 (5.2) | | Yes | 372 (5.5) | 26.6 (6.2) | 16.6 (5.1) | | Missing | 681 | | |
| | Moderate sleep disturbance | | | | | No | 5433 (85.6) | 28.8 (7.2) | 17.8 (5.2) | | Yes | 982 (14.4) | 28.1 (6.8) | 17.2 (5.4) | | Missing | 682 | | |
| | Moderate sleep impairment | | | | | No | 5480 (86.0) | 28.9 (7.1) | 17.8 (5.2) | | Yes | 925 (14.0) | 27.2 (7.2) | 16.8 (5.0) | | Missing | 682 | | |
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