Cognitive Functioning and Associated Factors in Older Adults: Results from the Indonesian Family Life Survey-5 (IFLS-5) in 2014-2015

Table 2

Multivariable linear regression analysis of factors in bivariate analysis associated with overall cognitive scores among older adults in Indonesia.

Variables	Beta (95% CI)	P-value
Age in years
65-74	Reference
75 and over	-2.26 (-2.82 to -1.70)	<0.001
Formal education
Low	Reference
High	3.28 (2.71 to 3.85)	<0.001
Economic background
Poor	Reference
Medium	0.57 (-0.006 to 1.15)	0.053
Rich	0.34 (-0.31 to 0.98)	0.310
Residence
Rural	Reference
Urban	0.36 (-0.16 to 0.87)	<0.167
Subjective health status
Healthy	Reference
Unhealthy	-0.18 (-0.70 to 0.34)	0.501
Life satisfaction
Moderate, high	Reference
Low	-0.16 (-0.84 to 0.51)	0.635
Hypertension
No	Reference
Yes	-0.63 (-1.14 to -1.10)	0.018
Depressive symptoms (≥15 scores)
No	Reference
Yes	-0.33 (-1.55 to 0.89)	0.594
Insomnia symptoms
No	Reference
Yes	0.02 (-0.78 to 0.81)	0.965
Underweight (BMI <18.5)
No	Reference
Yes	-0.67 (-1.30 to -0.03)	0.040
Tobacco use status
Never, former	Reference
Current	-0.42 (-0.99 to 0.16)	0.158
Functional disability
ADL/IADL=0	Reference
ADL/IADL=1	-0.11 (-0.68 to 0.45)	0.698
ADL/IADL=2 or more	-0.29 (-1.26 to 0.69)	0.563

(I) ADL=(Instrumental) Activities of Daily Living.