Cognitive Functioning and Associated Factors in Older Adults: Results from the Indonesian Family Life Survey-5 (IFLS-5) in 2014-2015
Table 3
Prevalence of possible dementia and bivariate and multivariable logistic regression with prevalence of possible dementia among older adults in Indonesia.
Variables
Possible dementia
Unadjusted Odds Ratio
Adjusted Odds Ratio
N (%)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
All
76 (6.8)
Age in years
65-74
48 (5.4)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
75 and over
28 (12.9)
2.61 (1.53, 4.46)
2.40 (1.37, 4.18)
Gender
Female
39 (7.8)
1 (Reference)
---
Male
37 (6.0)
0.76 (0.46, 1.27)
Formal education
Low
72 (8.8)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
High
4 (0.9)
0.11 (0.03, 0.34)
0.14 (0.04, 0.44)
Economic background
Poor
30 (7.4)
1 (Reference)
---
Medium
28 (6.5)
0.86 (0.48, 1.52)
Rich
18 (6.5)
0.87 (0.45, 1.68)
Residence
Rural
44 (9.5)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
Urban
32 (4.6)
0.46 (0.28, 0.77)
0.62 (0.36, 1.05)
Region
Sumatra
8 (3.1)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
Java
51 (7.3)
2.42 (1.12, 5.25)
2.52 (1.14, 5.55)
Major island groups
17 (6.9)
2.40 (1.00, 5.75)
2.28 (0.93, 5.59
Social capital
High
51 (6.4)
1 (Reference)
---
Low
25 (8.6)
1.36 (0.77, 2.39)
Subjective health status
Healthy
44 (6.2)
1 (Reference)
---
Unhealthy
32 (7.9)
1.30 (0.78, 2.18)
Life satisfaction
Moderate, high
62 (6.7)
1 (Reference)
---
Low
14 (7.5)
1.16 (0.61, 2.22)
Hypertension
No
18 (4.9)
1 (Reference)
---
Yes
58 (8.0)
1.73 (0.96, 3.11)
Stroke
No
76 (7.0)
1 (Reference)
---
Yes
0 (0.0)
0.08 (0.06, 0.10)
Depressive symptoms (≥15 scores)
No
71 (6.6)
1 (Reference)
---
Yes
5 (11.5)
1.87 (0.68, 5.13)
Insomnia symptoms
No
71 (7.0)
1 (Reference)
---
Yes
5 (5.3)
0.70 (0.26, 1.90)
Underweight (BMI <18.5)
No
60 (6.6)
1 (Reference)
---
Yes
15 (7.7)
1.18 (0.63, 2.24)
Tobacco use status
Never, former
43 (5.7)
1 (Reference)
---
Current
33 (8.9)
1.63 (0.98, 2.71)
Physical activity
Medium, high
40 (6.6)
1 (Reference)
---
Low
36 (7.0)
1.06 (0.64, 1.76)
ADL/IADL
None
45 (6.2)
1 (Reference)
---
One
23 (7.6)
1.23 (0.69, 2.19)
Two or more
8 (9.6)
1.65 (0.71, 3.82)
P<0.001; P<0.01; P<0.05. (I) ADL=(Instrumental) Activities of Daily Living.
