Cholesterol Metabolism and Weight Reduction in Subjects with Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Randomised, Controlled Study
Table 1
Changes in anthropometric measurements, plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations, and cardiorespiratory variables during the intervention.
Control group
Intervention group
Baseline
12 months
Baseline
12 months
Gender (M/F)
14/4
19/4
0.500
Age (y)
48.2 ± 2
49.4 ± 1.7
0.667
Weight (kg)
93.9 ± 2.9
92.2 ± 3.4
103.5 ± 2.2c
91.5 ± 2.4d,e
<0.001
<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
31.4 ± 0.6
30.9 ± 0.9
33.4 ± 0.6c
29.5 ± 0.6d,e
<0.001
<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)
104.6 ± 2.3
102.9 ± 2.6
112.9 ± 2.1c
101.0 ± 2.0d,e
<0.001
<0.001
P-Glucose (mmol/L)(f)
6.19 ± 0.51
5.57 ± 0.16
5.92 ± 0.19
5.59 ± 0.13
0.528
0.306
S-Insulin (mU/L)
10.18 ± 1.06
8.25 ± 1.05
14.61 ± 1.69c
7.16 ± 0.63
0.082
0.105
HOMA-IR
2.66 ± 0.33
2.08 ± 0.28
3.98 ± 0.54
1.80 ± 0.18
0.087
0.103
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
5.17 ± 0.25
5.21 ± 0.23
4.83 ± 0.11
4.63 ± 0.16
0.246
0.369
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)
3.13 ± 0.17
3.28 ± 0.17
3.06 ± 0.10
2.88 ± 0.14
0.116
0.226
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)
1.13 ± 0.10
1.12 ± 0.07
0.98 ± 0.05
1.15 ± 0.06d
0.028
0.044
Total triglycerides (mmol/L)(f)
1.78 ± 0.24
1.60 ± 0.30
1.73 ± 0.17
1.32 ± 0.12
0.683
0.510
AHI (total)
9.5 ± 0.8
11.2 ± 2.0
9.8 ± 0.6
5.2 ± 1.2d,(e)
0.007
0.040
Mean
94.5 ± 0.3
93.9 ± 0.3d
94.0 ± 0.3
94.8 ± 0.3d,e
<0.001
0.001
Time with < 90%
3.5 ± 0.9
9.2 ± 3.5
6.4 ± 2.2
4.7 ± 2.1d,e
0.007
0.004
Percentage time with < 90%
0.9 ± 0.2
2.3 ± 0.9d
1.6 ± 0.5
0.8 ± 0.3d,e
0.003
0.002
Values shown are means ± SEM.
aGroup by time interaction analysed with analysis of variance for repeated measurements (GLM). If the baseline differed between groups (), it was taken into account as covariance. (Gender Fisher’s exact test and age Student’s -test).
bGroup by time interaction (gender and BMI as covariance).
c denotes a significant difference at the baseline between the groups.
d denotes a significant difference from the baseline within the groups.
e denotes a significant difference at the 12 months between the groups, (e) (gender and BMI as covariance).
f denotes a significant change over time, (f) (gender and BMI as covariance).
