Animal model Diet Dose, administration route, time Effects on blood lipids Reference Male SD rats High-fat and high-cholesterol diet 50, 100, 150 mg/kg⋅d, i.g., once daily, 8 wk T-C (−29%, −33%, and −33%), non-HDL-C (−31%, −41%, and −38%), cholesterol absorption rate (−40%, −49%, and −51%) at 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg⋅d, respectively, no difference among the three doses [10 ] Male Golden Syrian hamsters High-fat and high-cholesterol diet 46.7 mg/kg⋅d, i.g., once daily, 120 d T-C (−19%), LDL-C (−15%), HDL-C (+13%) [13 ] Male C57BL/6J mice High-fat diet 0.75, 1.5, and 3 mg/kg⋅d, i.p., once daily, 36 d T-C (−18.7%, −22.2%, −28%), TAG (−31.2%, −25.2%, −37.8%) at 0.75, 1.5, and 3 mg/kg⋅d, respectively [15 ] Diabetic male Kunming mice (STZ-induced) Rodent chow 100 mg/kg⋅d in Rhizoma Coptidis extract, i.g., once daily, 4 wk T-C (−16%), LDL-C (−20%), TAG (−10%), HDL-C (+9%) [16 ] Diabetic male SD rats (STZ-induced) High-fat diet 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg⋅d, i.g., once daily, 8 wk TC (−7.5%, −44%, −47%), LDL-C (−6.6%, −35%, −19%), TAG (−6.5%, −52%, −44%), HDL-C (+10%, +36%, +29%) at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg⋅d, respectively [17 ] Dyslipidemic male Golden Syrian hamsters High-fat and high-fructose diet for 4 wk and then BBR for 2 wk 150 mg/kg⋅d, i.g., once daily, 2 wk LDL-C (−35%), TAG (−47%) [18 ] Male C57BLKS/J-Leprdb/db Rodent chow 5 mg/kg⋅d, i.p., once daily, 3 wk [9 ] Male SD rats High-fat diet 200 mg/kg⋅d, i.g., once daily, 8 wk of dieting and then 16 wk of treatment [19 ] Male SD rats High-fat diet 200 mg/kg⋅d, i.g., once daily, 16 wk treatment after 8 wk of dieting [20 ] Female Golden hamsters High-fat and high-cholesterol diet 50 or 100 mg/kg⋅d, i.g., twice daily, 14 d of dieting and then 10 d treatment [7 ] Diabetic Golden Syrian hamsters of either sex (STZ-induced) High-fat and high-cholesterol diet, 4 wk dieting prior to low STZ injection 150 mg/kg⋅d, i.g., once daily, 9 wk [21 ] Wistar rats (sex not specified) High-fat diet 380 mg/kg⋅d, i.g., once daily, 2 wk treatment after 4 wk dieting [22 ] Hyperhomocysteinemic male SD rats High-methionine diet 5 mg/kg⋅d, i.p., once daily, 5 d treatment after 4 wk dieting [23 ] Female C57BL/6 mice Rodent chow and high-cholesterol diet 10 or 30 mg/kg⋅d, i.g., once daily, 4 wk rodent chow and then 1 wk high-cholesterol diet [24 ] Female SD rats Rodent chow 385 mg/kg⋅d, i.g., once daily, 2 wk T-C (−9%), TAG (−35%) [25 ] Diabetic male SD rats (STZ-induced) High-fat diet 100 or 200 mg/kg⋅d, i.g., once daily, 8 wk TAG (−30%), TC (−35%) at 100 mg/kg⋅d [26 ] Diabetic male Wistar rats (STZ-induced) AIN-93G diet 100 mg/kg⋅d, i.g., once daily, 7 wk [27 ] Diabetic male Wistar rats (STZ-induced) High-fat and high-sucrose diet 15 or 30 mg/kg⋅d, i.g., once daily, 6 wk T-C (−44%), TAG (−42%) at the dose of 30 mg/kg⋅d [28 ] Male diabetic KKAy mice High-fat diet 250 /kg⋅d, i.g., once daily, 4 wk TC (−42%), TAG (−42%) [12 ] Hyperlipidemic male rats and mice High-fat and high-cholesterol diet 100 mg/kg⋅d, i.g., once daily, 30 d in rats and 21 d in mice In rats, T-C (−27%) and LDL-C (−32%) by compound 1; T-C (−43%) and LDL-C (−49%) by compound 2. In mice, T-C (−17%) and LDL-C (−24%) by compound 1; T-C (−30%) and LDL-C (−39%) by compound 2 [29 ] Diabetic male Wistar rats (STZ-induced) High-fat diet 380 mg/kg⋅d, i.g., once daily, 4 wk T-C (−17%), LDL-C (−60%), TAG (−30%), HDL-C (+26%) [30 ] Male SD rats High-fat and high-cholesterol diet 100 mg/kg⋅d BBR and 1% plant stanols in diet, 6 wk T-C (−41%), non-HDL-C (−59%), TAG (−17%) [11 ] Hypercholesterolemic male Golden Syrian hamsters High-cholesterol diet 1.8 mg/kg⋅d, i.p., once daily, 24 d T-C (−32%), LDL-C (−26%) and TAG (−33%) by goldenseal extract; T-C (−30%), LDL-C (−27%) and TAG (−34%) by BBR [31 ] Diabetic male Wistar rats (alloxan-induced) High-cholesterol diet 100 or 200 mg/kg⋅d, i.g., once daily, 21 d T-C (−14% or −20%); LDL-C (−37% or 44%) at 100 mg/kg⋅d or 200 mg/kg⋅d [32 ] Hypercholesterolemic male Golden Syrian hamsters High-fat and high-cholesterol diet 100 mg/kg⋅d, i.g., once daily, 10 d treatment after 2-wk dieting T-C (−27%), LDL-C (−39%) [33 ] Diabetic male Wistar rats (STZ-induced) Regular chow 187.5 or 562.5 mg/kg⋅d, i.g. once daily, 8 wk T-C (−18%), TAG (−67%) and HDL-C (+36%) at 187.5 mg/kg⋅d; T-C (−18%), TAG (−66%) and HDL-C (+27%) at 562.5 mg/kg⋅d [34 ] Male SD rats High-fat and high-cholesterol diet 300 mg/kg⋅d, 60 mg/kg⋅d, i.g., once daily, 12 wk [35 ]
