Convergence Analysis of Particle Swarm Optimizer and Its Improved Algorithm Based on Velocity Differential Evolution

Table 1

Comparing the mean value of H-PSO-DE with respect to the other state-of-the-art algorithms.

Function	Mean value of the solution
	H-PSO-DE	H-PSO	DE	PSO-DE
𝑓1	2.06𝑒−8	6.13𝑒−7	7.29𝑒−5	6.80𝑒−7
𝑓2	3.23𝑒−7	5.14𝑒−7	2.14𝑒−6	7.95𝑒−7
𝑓3	1.77𝑒−6	3.26𝑒−5	5.21𝑒−3	8.03𝑒−5
𝑓4	1.08𝑒−7	1.19𝑒−6	5.61𝑒−5	1.01𝑒−6
𝑓5	2.01𝑒−9	3.15𝑒−9	4.21𝑒−7	8.17𝑒−9
𝑓6	3.09𝑒−10	7.14𝑒−10	7.26𝑒−9	9.50𝑒−10