| Scholars | Classifications of basic emotions |
| Arnold | Anger, aversion, courage, dejection, desire, despair, fear, hate, hope, love, and sadness |
| Ekman, Friesen, and Ellsworth | Anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise |
| Frijda | Desire, happiness, interest, surprise, wonder, and sorrow |
| Gray | Rage and terror, anxiety, and joy |
| Izard | Anger, contempt, disgust, distress, fear, guilt, interest, joy, shame, and surprise |
| James | Fear, grief, love, and rage |
| McDougall | Anger, disgust, elation, fear, subjection, tender-emotion, and wonder |
| Mowrer | Pain, pleasure |
| Oatley and Johnson-laird | Anger, disgust, anxiety, happiness, and sadness |
| Panksepp | Expectancy, fear, rage, and panic |
| Plutchik | Acceptance, anger, anticipation, disgust, joy, fear, sadness, and surprise |
| Tomkins | Anger, interest, contempt, disgust, distress, fear, joy, shame, and surprise |
| Watson | Fear, love, and rage |
| Weiner and Graham | Happiness, sadness |
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