Effects of Between- and Within-Subject Variability on Autonomic Cardiorespiratory Activity during Sleep and Their Limitations on Sleep Staging: A Multilevel Analysis

<div>Anexample of multilevel regressions of the six cardiorespiratory parameters for a man (age: 24 y, BMI: 21.3 kg⋅m<sup>−2</sup>) and a woman (age: 70 y, BMI: 28.6 kg⋅m<sup>−2</sup>) using coefficients estimated through Model #1 excluding the random coefficients and residual term. The regression variables included age, gender, BMI, time, and time × age, time × gender, time × BMI, and sleep stages: wake, REM sleep, light sleep, and deep sleep.</div>

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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Figure 2: Effects of Between- and Within-Subject Variability on Autonomic Cardiorespiratory Activity during Sleep and Their Limitations on Sleep Staging: A Multilevel Analysis 

Figure 2 | Effects of Between- and Within-Subject Variability on Autonomic Cardiorespiratory Activity during Sleep and Their Limitations on Sleep Staging: A Multilevel Analysis 