Effects of Between- and Within-Subject Variability on Autonomic Cardiorespiratory Activity during Sleep and Their Limitations on Sleep Staging: A Multilevel Analysis
Table 3
Values (mean ± SD) of the six cardiorespiratory parameters in different cohort sets.
Cohort set
Respiratory parameters
Cardiac parameters
()
BR, ln-Hz
SDBR, ln-Hz
HR, ln-bpm
SDNN, ln-ms
LF, nu
HF, nu
Gender
Man
−1.20 ± 0.24
−3.67 ± 0.75
4.13 ± 0.15
3.74 ± 0.77
0.42 ± 0.23
0.47 ± 0.23
Woman
−1.22 ± 0.23
−3.81 ± 0.76
4.16 ± 0.16
3.49 ± 0.71
0.39 ± 0.22
0.50 ± 0.23
Age
Young
−1.24 ± 0.24
−3.85 ± 0.74
4.11 ± 0.16
3.94 ± 0.63
0.36 ± 0.20
0.56 ± 0.22
Middle
−1.20 ± 0.24
−3.71 ± 0.78
4.15 ± 0.16
3.52 ± 0.69
0.45 ± 0.23
0.45 ± 0.23
Elderly
−1.18 ± 0.20
−3.70 ± 0.71
4.17 ± 0.13
3.39 ± 0.81
0.38 ± 0.24
0.45 ± 0.22
BMI
Underweight
−1.24 ± 0.14
−4.00 ± 0.66
4.11 ± 0.12
4.01 ± 0.53
0.36 ± 0.18
0.56 ± 0.19
Normal
−1.23 ± 0.23
−3.77 ± 0.74
4.14 ± 0.16
3.72 ± 0.73
0.41 ± 0.22
0.48 ± 0.23
Overweight
−1.18 ± 0.24
−3.70 ± 0.77
4.15 ± 0.15
3.46 ± 0.75
0.39 ± 0.23
0.48 ± 0.23
Time of night
0–90 min
−1.22 ± 0.22
−3.81 ± 0.80
4.16 ± 0.15
3.52 ± 0.73
0.39 ± 0.22
0.50 ± 0.23
90–180 min
−1.21 ± 0.22
−3.85 ± 0.75
4.17 ± 0.15
3.58 ± 0.74
0.42 ± 0.23
0.46 ± 0.23
180–270 min
−1.20 ± 0.23
−3.77 ± 0.77
4.15 ± 0.16
3.61 ± 0.77
0.41 ± 0.23
0.48 ± 0.23
>270 min
−1.21 ± 0.24
−3.66 ± 0.72
4.12 ± 0.15
3.67 ± 0.75
0.40 ± 0.22
0.49 ± 0.23
Sleep stage
Wake
−1.16 ± 0.23
−3.25 ± 0.62
4.19 ± 0.15
3.61 ± 0.78
0.42 ± 0.24
0.44 ± 0.23
REM sleep
−1.18 ± 0.22
−3.44 ± 0.52
4.15 ± 0.16
3.64 ± 0.76
0.45 ± 0.23
0.42 ± 0.22
Light sleep
−1.23 ± 0.23
−3.89 ± 0.73
4.13 ± 0.15
3.64 ± 0.73
0.40 ± 0.22
0.49 ± 0.23
Deep sleep
−1.24 ± 0.23
−4.29 ± 0.71
4.14 ± 0.15
3.45 ± 0.72
0.33 ± 0.21
0.57 ± 0.21
Note: ln, natural logarithm; nu, normalized unit; young, 20–39 y; middle, 40–69 y; elderly, >69 y; underweight, <18.5 kg⋅m−2; normal weight, 18.5–25 kg⋅m−2; overweight, >25 kg⋅m−2; light sleep, S1 and S2 stages; deep sleep, S3 and S4 stages. For all the parameters, values between each cohort group were significantly different (-test, ) but this may be imprecise since subject demographics, time of night, and sleep stages were possibly not independent.
