Research Article
An Effective Color Quantization Method Using Octree-Based Self-Organizing Maps
Table 4
MSE comparison of the color quantization methods.
| | Lenna | Parrots | | 8 | 16 | 32 | 64 | 128 | 256 | 8 | 16 | 32 | 64 | 128 | 256 |
| | POP | 1296.2 | 1144.6 | 336.1 | 175.1 | 79.8 | 64.8 | 8796.1 | 5976.1 | 4102.2 | 362.6 | 179.5 | 104.1 | | MC | 577.8 | 412.4 | 264.5 | 163.6 | 94.8 | 47.0 | 2733.2 | 1716.3 | 999.7 | 508.6 | 274.4 | 142.9 | | OCT | 692.6 | 580.6 | 273.5 | 126.1 | 85.4 | 47.5 | 1479.2 | 915.6 | 469.9 | 244.6 | 144.7 | 85.4 | | KM | 515.3 | 476.0 | 334.2 | 204.9 | 96.4 | 77.5 | 1083.2 | 534.2 | 390.6 | 225.3 | 150.0 | 90.7 | | ART2 | 517.0 | 257.9 | 183.0 | 82.9 | 56.0 | 37.8 | 1085.8 | 657.3 | 353.4 | 179.7 | 105.8 | 68.0 | | SOM | 400.6 | 210.6 | 110.0 | 67.1 | 42.5 | 27.8 | 1027.2 | 450.2 | 239.2 | 133.0 | 78.8 | 46.8 | | PM | 396.1 | 212.1 | 121.5 | 66.5 | 43.1 | 28.9 | 960.4 | 433.1 | 239.0 | 135.6 | 81.0 | 47.9 |
| | Mona Lisa | House | | 8 | 16 | 32 | 64 | 128 | 256 | 8 | 16 | 32 | 64 | 128 | 256 |
| | POP | 1330.1 | 658.7 | 320.2 | 103.4 | 76.5 | 69.0 | 2758.1 | 2044.4 | 1305.1 | 844.5 | 399.1 | 175.6 | | MC | 496.5 | 330.9 | 211.7 | 131.2 | 60.3 | 33.2 | 2407.0 | 2003.1 | 1307.8 | 674.6 | 338.8 | 211.0 | | OCT | 536.3 | 340.3 | 155.5 | 97.4 | 61.0 | 43.3 | 1451.2 | 1058.8 | 958.5 | 370.7 | 339.3 | 151.9 | | KM | 597.4 | 339.1 | 203.0 | 117.8 | 103.5 | 76.4 | 1040.3 | 555.7 | 381.1 | 276.0 | 190.2 | 137.3 | | ART2 | 523.1 | 275.7 | 147.8 | 84.0 | 48.9 | 30.2 | 1137.8 | 620.0 | 481.0 | 306.3 | 189.7 | 121.6 | | SOM | 483.0 | 204.1 | 118.2 | 60.4 | 33.7 | 20.5 | 1162.8 | 598.1 | 326.9 | 204.2 | 128.9 | 81.7 | | PM | 373.2 | 164.2 | 89.0 | 52.1 | 32.3 | 20.4 | 965.6 | 530.4 | 322.4 | 200.9 | 126.7 | 81.7 |
| | Mandrill | Venus | | 8 | 16 | 32 | 64 | 128 | 256 | 8 | 16 | 32 | 64 | 128 | 256 |
| | POP | 3878.9 | 2233.5 | 1200.6 | 740.0 | 305.7 | 151.7 | 7759.8 | 1591.6 | 899.7 | 450.8 | 208.9 | 110.4 | | MC | 3308.9 | 3054.1 | 2614.9 | 1619.9 | 801.5 | 347.2 | 1107.6 | 884.4 | 805.7 | 577.9 | 303.0 | 179.2 | | OCT | 1544.7 | 1358.6 | 841.2 | 379.1 | 245.6 | 153.7 | 2290.2 | 1609.3 | 600.3 | 497.9 | 286.2 | 150.6 | | KM | 1137.8 | 647.2 | 486.3 | 266.8 | 183.4 | 147.6 | 1038.6 | 602.2 | 342.2 | 231.4 | 170.8 | 120.9 | | ART2 | 1339.1 | 733.4 | 437.0 | 319.6 | 206.3 | 135.4 | 987.4 | 691.0 | 499.0 | 261.7 | 166.0 | 99.8 | | SOM | 1092.9 | 627.1 | 358.3 | 222.7 | 144.1 | 93.1 | 1067.0 | 577.3 | 292.5 | 173.5 | 107.3 | 68.5 | | PM | 1078.2 | 612.4 | 354.6 | 221.8 | 149.7 | 94.0 | 905.9 | 473.3 | 263.8 | 163.6 | 104.7 | 67.4 |
| | Bedroom | Scream | | 8 | 16 | 32 | 64 | 128 | 256 | 8 | 16 | 32 | 64 | 128 | 256 |
| | POP | 8107.1 | 7826.4 | 2374.7 | 1061.7 | 601.6 | 268.8 | 2609.4 | 1859.9 | 774.7 | 375.1 | 128.4 | 71.8 | | MC | 3429.1 | 2859.7 | 1682.0 | 1121.3 | 659.6 | 314.7 | 1723.1 | 1149.2 | 501.3 | 277.6 | 133.1 | 72.8 | | OCT | 2062.4 | 1753.1 | 1198.1 | 480.0 | 379.3 | 159.1 | 1528.1 | 1474.5 | 1054.3 | 256.5 | 170.2 | 85.8 | | KM | 1554.1 | 868.5 | 588.0 | 361.6 | 232.8 | 156.9 | 613.1 | 404.6 | 312.0 | 246.7 | 124.1 | 88.7 | | ART2 | 1465.0 | 1152.9 | 647.0 | 400.9 | 245.9 | 158.8 | 581.6 | 356.3 | 204.9 | 121.3 | 80.7 | 54.2 | | SOM | 1591.2 | 864.1 | 437.7 | 258.5 | 161.0 | 102.4 | 936.6 | 491.3 | 177.4 | 102.5 | 63.0 | 40.3 | | PM | 1433.4 | 750.0 | 423.3 | 253.0 | 160.0 | 101.4 | 592.1 | 295.2 | 166.6 | 101.8 | 62.0 | 42.7 |
| | Old man | Dragonfly | | 8 | 16 | 32 | 64 | 128 | 256 | 8 | 16 | 32 | 64 | 128 | 256 |
| | POP | 3643.5 | 1551.8 | 342.2 | 88.3 | 78.7 | 77.9 | 1427.9 | 512.6 | 230.4 | 157.5 | 97.4 | 66.4 | | MC | 522.2 | 216.7 | 138.5 | 80.4 | 50.6 | 26.1 | 449.2 | 330.3 | 234.7 | 161.5 | 104.7 | 59.2 | | OCT | 1432.0 | 764.2 | 178.3 | 75.5 | 46.1 | 25.4 | 990.4 | 386.9 | 264.2 | 105.8 | 95.2 | 40.8 | | KM | 386.5 | 245.3 | 194.0 | 138.6 | 115.9 | 79.6 | 387.1 | 235.7 | 239.7 | 183.8 | 108.4 | 99.2 | | ART2 | 715.5 | 388.4 | 245.1 | 115.6 | 69.9 | 38.0 | 390.7 | 287.4 | 175.1 | 113.3 | 69.7 | 44.5 | | SOM | 270.7 | 138.5 | 75.4 | 41.1 | 24.9 | 15.8 | 271.4 | 161.2 | 98.9 | 60.8 | 43.8 | 24.3 | | PM | 266.9 | 135.4 | 78.5 | 41.2 | 25.1 | 16.3 | 264.3 | 171.6 | 103.1 | 63.2 | 50.1 | 26.6 |
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