Research Article

Memetic Differential Evolution with an Improved Contraction Criterion

Table 2

Comparison of Mean Error and standard deviation between MDE and other six EAs over 25 independent runs on twenty-one 30-dimensional test functions.

ProbCLPSOGL-25CMA-ESLBBOSFLSDEL-SHADEMDE

==
F02
F03
F05
F06=
F07
F08
F10=
F11
F12=
F13
F14
F15===
F16==
F18====
F19====
F20====
F21
F22
F23

17121115128/
4345310/
066163/

indicates that when six algorithms obtain the global optimum, the intermediate results are reported at . “−,” “+,” and “=” denote that the performance of this algorithm is, respectively, worse than, better than, and similar to MDE according to the Wilcoxon signed-rank test at .