Research Article

Memetic Differential Evolution with an Improved Contraction Criterion

Table 3

Comparison of Mean Error and standard deviation between MDE and other six EAs over 25 independent runs on twenty-one 50-dimensional test functions.

ProbCLPSOGL-25CMA-ESLBBOSFLSDEL-SHADEMDE

F01==
F02
F03
F05
F06=
F07
F08
F09==
F10=
F11
F12=
F13
F14
F15=
F16
F18
F19
F20=
F21
F22
F23

12161115128/
+7573912/
203301/

“−,” “+,” and “=” denote that the performance of this algorithm is, respectively, worse than, better than, and similar to MDE according to the Wilcoxon signed-rank test at .