| | EEG paradigms | Authors | Feature extraction methods |
| | SSVEP | Wang et al. [30] | Average and FFT, 5 targets (9, 11, 13, 15, 17 Hz) | | Mouli et al. [90] | FFT, 4 targets (7, 8, 9, 10 Hz) | | Müller-Putz and Pfurtscheller [21] | FFT, 4 targets (6, 7, 8, 13 Hz) | | Hwang et al. [91] | FFT, spelling system (5–7.9 Hz with a span of 0.1 Hz) | | Oikonomou et al. [92] | FFT as an estimation of DFT, 5 target (6.66, 7.5, 8.57, 10, 12 Hz) | | Diez et al. [93] | FFT as an estimation of DFT, 4 targets (37, 38, 39, 40 Hz) | | Zhang et al. [94] | CWT, 4 targets (15, 12, 10, 8.57 Hz) | | Kumari and Somani [95] | CWT, 3 targets (8, 14, 28 Hz) | | Huang et al. [96] | HHT (34, 35, 37, 38, 45, 48 Hz) | | Ruan et al. [97] | HHT (11, 12 Hz) | | Zhang et al. [98] | IHHT (25, 33.33, 40 Hz) | | Molina et al. [99] | HT (all integer frequencies from 30 to 40 Hz, 4 phases) | | Zhu et al. [100] | HT (all integer frequencies from 32 to 40 Hz, 4 phases) | | Wang et al. [101] | ICA (13 Hz) |
| | P300 | Demiralp et al. [102] | WT (5 octave quadratic B-spline-WT), auditory oddball paradigm (800, 1200 Hz tones) | | Vareka and Mautner [103] | DWT (Daubechies7), oddball paradigm (traditional OQ experiment) | | Guo et al. [104] | DWT (Daubechies4), P300 speller (6 by 6 matrix) | | Pan et al. [105] | WT (Mallat), P300 Speller (6 by 6 matrix) | | Vequeira et al. [106] | WT (bior), P300 Speller (6 by 6 matrix) | | Li et al. [107] | FastICA, P300 Speller | | Turnip et al. [108] | NICA, EPFL BCI group data | | Li et al. [26] | ICA, oddball paradigm (6 targets) | | Pires et al. [109] | CSP, P300 arrow paradigm | | Amini et al. [110] | morphological, intelligent segmentation, CSP and combined features (segmentation+CSP), P300 Speller |
| | MI | Hiroyasu et al. [111] | FFT, left or right hand (13–16 Hz or 13–30 Hz, 8–12 Hz) | | Jin et al. [112] | FFT, left or right hand (8–30 Hz) | | Hsu and Sun [113] | CWT, left or right hand | | Xu and Song [114] | DWT (Daubechies10), left or right hand | | Bashar et al. [89] | DTCWT, left or right hand | | Wang et al. [115] | HHT, left or right hand, foot | | Jerbic et al. [116] | HHT, left or right hand | | Liu et al. [117] | HHT, left or right hand | | Naeem et al. [118] | ICA, left or right hand, foot, tongue | | Guo and Wu [119] | Dynamic ICA, BCI competition 2003 data set III | | Samek et al. [120] | sCSP, Dataset IVa, BCI Competition III | | He et al. [121] | EMD-based CSP, BCI Competition IV dataset I | Ang et al. [122]
Chin et al. [123] | FBCSP, BCI Competition IV 2a (4 classes) and 2b (2 classes) | | Kai et al. [124] | RFBCSP, BCI Competition IV 2b (2 classes) |
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