Review Article

High-Frequency Oscillations in the Scalp Electroencephalogram: Mission Impossible without Computational Intelligence

Table 1

Epilepsy-related HFOs in conventional surface EEG and MEG.

ReferenceFrequency rangeDetectionContext

Kubota et al. [42]300–900 HzVisualMEG benign rolandic epilepsy
Kobayashi et al. [43]93.8–152.3 HzVisualIdiopathic partial epilepsy
Andrade-Valenca et al. [12]40–200 HzVisualComparison to spikes
von Ellenrieder et al. [38]40–200 HzAutoAutodetection
Iwatani et al. [44]30–150 HzVisualSpasms in West syndrome
Melani et al. [36]40–200 HzVisualComparison to spikes
Zelmann et al. [45]80–300 HzAuto/visualIntracranial versus scalp HFOs
Miao et al. [46]80–500 HzTF + visualAbsence epilepsy
Chaitanya et al. [47]80–250 HzVisualAbsence epilepsy
Pizzo et al. [48]>250 HzVisualScalp fast ripples
van Klink et al. [37]80–250 HzVisualScalp ripples and spikes
van Klink et al. [49]>80 HzVisualMEG virtual sensors
Schwimmbeck et al. [50]80–250 HzAuto/visualIntracranial versus HD-EEG

TF: time-frequency analysis; auto: automated algorithmic detection.