Development of a System Architecture for Evaluation and Training of Proprioceptive Deficits of the Upper Limb

Table 1

Characteristics of healthy individuals and patients after stroke. Continuous variables are reported as mean ± standard deviation, the Ashworth scale as median (interquartile range).

Patient characteristics	Healthy subjects	Stroke patients
Age (years)	61.5 ± 2.2	60.8 ± 13.8
Sex	3F/9M	3F/7M
Handedness (right/left)	12/0	9/1
Time since acute event (months)		2.5 ± 3.7
Fugl-Meyer motor (0–66 range)		31.8 ± 18.0
Fugl-Meyer sensory (0–12 range)		9.5 ± 2.2
Impaired arm (left/right)		4/6
Type of stroke (hemorrhagic/ischemic)		1/9
Ashworth-shoulder		0 (0)
Ashworth-elbow		0.5 (0-1)
Ashworth-wrist		0 (0)