Research Article
Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Last-Eliminated Principle and Enhanced Information Sharing
Figure 5
Unimodal functions: (a) f1 sphere function; (b) f2 Schaffer function; (c) f3 step function; (d) f4 SumSquares function; (e) f5 Zakharov function.
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
(d) |
(e) |