Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Last-Eliminated Principle and Enhanced Information Sharing

Table 8

Multimodal test functions.

Functions	Criteria	PSO	SPSO	DE	IEPSO	GA
f6	Mean	1.548	1.752	9.44E − 02	4.19E − 02	1.006
	SD	0.026	0.093	4.87E − 04	3.43E − 04	0.018
	Best	1.236	1.417	0.06	0.013	0.794
f7	Mean	57.737	43.405	11.945	4.46E − 03	8.939
	SD	117.768	65.178	16.502	1.73E − 04	3.608
	Best	35.981	3.17E + 01	6.398	2.31E − 12	5.040
f8	Mean	4.996	4.665	3.79E − 02	2.42E − 10	0.423
	SD	1.91E + 00	1.056	5.4E − 03	6.74E − 20	0.051
	Best	2.933	3.151	4.6E − 03	3.71E − 16	0.086
f9	Mean	−186.448	−186.048	−186.728	−186.731	−186.731
	SD	1.19E − 01	9.83E − 01	2.29E − 08	0	9.99E − 12
	Best	−1.87E + 02	−186.731	−186.7309	−186.7309	−186.731
f10	Mean	13.134	15.560	1.613	1.13E − 11	2.515
	SD	14.260	2.163	0	2.21E − 22	0.166
	Best	2.861	12.719	1.613	5.06E − 14	1.796
f11	Mean	−740.326	−715.438	−837.966	−837.966	−837.966
	SD	8.74E + 03	7.23E + 03	0	0	0
	Best	−837.966	−837.697	−837.966	−837.966	−837.966