Dynamic Multi-Swarm Differential Learning Quantum Bird Swarm Algorithm and Its Application in Random Forest Classification Model

Table 7

Comparison on nine multimodal functions with hybrid algorithms (Dim = 2).

Function	Term	BSA	DE	DMSDL-PSO	DMSDL-BSA	DMSDL-QBSA
	Max	2.0101E + 02	2.8292E + 02	2.9899E + 02	2.4244E + 02	2.8533E + 02
	Min	2.5455E − 05	3.7717E + 00	2.3690E + 01	2.5455E − 05	9.4751E + 01
	Mean	3.4882E − 01	8.0980E + 00	2.5222E + 01	4.2346E − 01	9.4816E + 01
	Var	5.7922E + 00	1.0853E + 01	1.5533E + 01	5.6138E + 00	2.8160E + 00
	Max	4.7662E + 00	4.7784E + 00	1.1067E + 01	8.7792E + 00	8.1665E + 00
	Min	0	3.8174E − 01	0	0	0
	Mean	2.7200E − 03	6.0050E − 01	3.1540E − 02	4.2587E − 03	3.7800E − 03
	Var	8.6860E − 02	3.1980E − 01	2.4862E − 01	1.2032E − 01	1.3420E − 01
	Max	9.6893E + 00	8.1811E + 00	1.1635E + 01	9.1576E + 00	8.4720E + 00
	Min	8.8818E − 16	5.1646E − 01	8.8818E − 16	8.8818E − 16	8.8818E − 16
	Mean	9.5600E − 03	6.9734E − 01	3.4540E − 02	9.9600E − 03	2.8548E − 03
	Var	2.1936E − 01	6.1050E − 01	2.5816E − 01	2.1556E − 01	1.1804E − 01
	Max	4.4609E + 00	4.9215E + 00	4.1160E + 00	1.9020E + 00	1.6875E + 00
	Min	0	1.3718E − 01	0	0	0
	Mean	1.9200E − 03	1.7032E − 01	1.8240E − 02	1.4800E − 03	5.7618E − 04
	Var	6.6900E − 02	1.3032E − 01	1.8202E − 01	3.3900E − 02	2.2360E − 02
	Max	1.0045E + 01	1.9266E + 03	1.9212E + 01	5.7939E + 02	8.2650E + 00
	Min	2.3558E − 31	1.3188E − 01	2.3558E − 31	2.3558E − 31	2.3558E − 31
	Mean	4.1600E − 03	3.5402E − 01	1.0840E − 02	6.1420E − 02	1.3924E − 03
	Var	1.7174E − 01	1.9427E + 01	3.9528E − 01	5.8445E + 00	8.7160E − 02
	Max	6.5797E + 04	4.4041E + 03	1.4412E + 05	8.6107E + 03	2.6372E + 00
	Min	1.3498E − 31	9.1580E − 02	1.3498E − 31	1.3498E − 31	7.7800E − 03
	Mean	7.1736E + 00	8.9370E − 01	1.7440E + 01	9.0066E − 01	8.2551E − 03
	Var	6.7678E + 02	5.4800E + 01	1.4742E + 03	8.7683E + 01	2.8820E − 02
	Max	6.2468E − 01	6.4488E − 01	5.1564E − 01	8.4452E − 01	3.9560E − 01
	Min	6.9981E − 08	2.5000E − 03	1.5518E − 240	2.7655E − 07	0
	Mean	2.7062E − 04	6.9400E − 03	6.8555E − 04	2.0497E − 04	6.1996E − 05
	Var	1.0380E − 02	1.7520E − 02	8.4600E − 03	1.0140E − 02	4.4000E − 03
	Max	5.1946E + 00	3.6014E + 00	2.3463E + 00	6.9106E + 00	1.2521E + 00
	Min	2.6445E − 11	2.6739E − 02	0	1.0855E − 10	0
	Mean	1.9343E − 03	5.1800E − 02	1.2245E − 03	2.8193E − 03	1.5138E − 04
	Var	7.3540E − 02	1.2590E − 01	4.1620E − 02	1.1506E − 01	1.2699E − 02
	Max	5.0214E − 01	3.4034E − 01	4.1400E − 01	3.7422E − 01	4.0295E − 01
	Min	1.4998E − 32	1.9167E − 03	1.4998E − 32	1.4998E − 32	1.4998E − 32
	Mean	1.0967E − 04	4.1000E − 03	1.8998E − 04	1.4147E − 04	6.0718E − 05
	Var	6.1800E − 03	1.0500E − 02	6.5200E − 03	5.7200E − 03	4.4014E − 03