Review Article

EEG-Based Emotion Recognition: A State-of-the-Art Review of Current Trends and Opportunities

Table 7

Reported number of participants used to conduct emotion classification.

AuthorEmotion classesParticipantsMaleFemaleMean age ± SD

[114]Happy, sad, fear, relaxation, disgust, rage1005743
[113]Arousal and valence (4 quadrants)60164428.9 ± 5.44
[149]Valence, arousal58 (ASCERTAIN)372130
[107]Valence, arousal58 (ASCERTAIN)372130
[112]Valence, arousal (high and low)40202026.13 ± 2.79
[110]Negative, positive, and neutral (SEED). Amusement, excitement, happiness, calmness, anger, disgust, fear, sadness, and surprise (DREAMER)15 (SEED), 23 (DREAMER)211726.6 ± 2.7
[115]Horror = (fear, anxiety, disgust, surprise, tension), empathy = (happiness, sadness, love, being touched, compassion, distressing, disappointment)381919
[100]Valence, arousal, dominance, liking32 (DEAP)161626.9
[101]Valence, arousal (high and low)32 (DEAP)161626.9
[102]Valence, arousal32 (DEAP)161626.9
[103]32 (DEAP)161626.9
[104]Valence, arousal (2 class)32 (DEAP)161626.9
[105]Valence, arousal, dominance32 (DEAP)161626.9
[114]Happy, fear, peace, disgust, sadness13 (watching video materials), 18 (VR materials)1318
[130]Stress level (low and high)2819927.5
[98]Valence, arousal (high and low)25
[120]Fear22148
[106]Happy, fear, sad, relax20
[117]Engagement, enjoyment, boredom, frustration, workload2019115.29
[109]Happy, sad, fear, disgust, neutral1661023.27 ± 2.37
[118]Anguish, tenderness16
[111]Positive, neutral, negative15 (SEED)78
[99]Happy, fear, sad, calm1385
[141]Happy, relaxed, depressed, distressed, fear101021
[119]Happy, fear65126.67 ± 1.11
[92]Pleasant, happy, frightened, angry541