Research Article

Detection of Pine Cones in Natural Environment Using Improved YOLOv4 Deep Learning Algorithm

Table 1

Structure of the original backbone network and the improved backbone network.

ModuleNumber of layersNumber of filtersOutput channels
OriginalImprovedOriginalImproved

1Residual1Residual11 × 1 Conv321 × 1 Conv3264
3 × 3 Conv643 × 3 Conv64

2Residual2Residual21 × 1 Conv641 × 1 Conv6464
3 × 3 Conv643 × 3 Conv64

3Residual8Dense41 × 1 Conv1281 × 1 Conv64128
3 × 3 Conv1283 × 3 Conv32

4Residual8Dense41 × 1 Conv2561 × 1 Conv128256
3 × 3 Conv2563 × 3 Conv64

5Residual4Dense41 × 1 Conv5121 × 1 Conv256512
3 × 3 Conv5123 × 3 Conv128