Multistrategy Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm and Its Application

Table 1

Baseline test functions.

Number	Function’s name	Search space	Theoretical best quality
F1	Sphere function	[−100, 100]	0
F2	Schwefel’s problem1.2	[−100, 100]	0
F3	Generalized Rosenbrock’s function	[−30, 30]	0
F4	Step function	[−100, 100]	0
F5	Quartic function	[−1.28, 1.28]	0
F6	Generalized Schwefel 2.26	[−500, 500]	−12569.5
F7	Generalized Rastrigin’s function	[−5.12, 5.12]	0
F8	Ackley’s function	[−32, 32]	0
F9	Generalized Griewank’s function	[−600, 600]	0
F10	Generalized Penalized function	[−50, 50]	0
F11	Shekel’s Foxholes function	[−65.536, 65.536]	1
F12	Kowalik’s function	[−5, 5]	0.0003075
F13	Goldstein-Price function	[−2, 2]	3
F14	Hartman’s Family	[0, 1]	−3.86