Cytogenotoxicity of Abattoir Effluent in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Using Micronucleus Test

Table 1

Physicochemical parameters and heavy metals analyzed in the abattoir effluent and tap water.

Parameters	Effluent	Tap water	NESREA	USEPA
pH	8.93	8.20	6.5–8.5	6.5–8.5
Acidity	7500.02	1.51	—	—
Alkalinity	250.09	3.06	—	20
EC	850	44	—	—
Phosphate	2.12	0.20	3.5	5
Nitrate	586.2	0.18	9.1	10
TS	8876	98.4	—	—
DO	2.1	7.7	—	—
BOD	582.6	0.78	3	250
COD	728.3	1.69	30	410
Chloride	13.5	56.7	300	250
Arsenic	0.68	0.004	0.05	—
Lead	BDL	BDL	0.01	0.015
Copper	0.10	0.05	0.001	1.3
Cadmium	BDL	BDL	0.005	0.005
Nickel	BDL	BDL	0.01	—
Chromium	BDL	BDL	0.01	0.1

All values are in mg/L except pH, alkalinity, acidity, and EC (S/cm). BDL, below detectable limit.
NESREA: National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (2011) (Nigeria) maximum permissible limits for effluent for fisheries and recreational quality criteria standards.
USEPA: United States Environmental Protection Agency (2006) (http://www.epa.gov/safewater/mcl.html).
Electrical conductivity; total solid; DO: dissolved solid; biochemical oxygen demand.
Chemical oxygen demand.