Numerical Simulation and Investigation of System Parameters of Sonochemical Process

Table 3

Simulation summary of initial bubble size (𝑅_𝑜) dependent sonochemical process.

	Conditions at the first collapse of the bubble
	𝑅𝑜=5 µm	𝑅𝑜=25 µm	𝑅𝑜=50 µm	𝑅𝑜=100 µm	𝑅𝑜=200 µm
	𝑇max=3999 K	𝑇max=1688 K	𝑇max=778.5 K	𝑇max=409 K	𝑇max=329.9 K
	𝑃max=696.7 MPa	𝑃max=30.57 MPa	𝑃max=2.56 MPa	𝑃max=288 kPa	𝑃max=136 kPa
	𝑉turb=0.36 m/s	𝑉turb=6.11 m/s	𝑉turb=6.2 m/s	𝑉turb=7.95 m/s	𝑉turb=11.2 m/s
	𝑃AW=24.04 MPa	𝑃AW=8.80 MPa	𝑃AW=0.63 MPa	𝑃AW=0.27 MPa	𝑃AW=0.35 kPa
	𝑁N2=1.28×10^10	𝑁N2=1.32×10^12	𝑁N2=1.03×10^13	𝑁N2=8.11×10^13	𝑁N2=6.44×10^14
	𝑁O2=3.41×10^9	𝑁O2=3.51×10^11	𝑁O2=2.73×10^12	𝑁O2=2.16×10^13	𝑁O2=1.71×10^14
	𝑁W=2.91×10^9	𝑁W=2.5×10^11	𝑁W=9.08×10^11	𝑁W=2.98×10^12	𝑁W=1.15×10^13
Species	Equilibrium composition of species in the bubble at collapse
	5 µm	25 µm	50 µm	100 µm	200 µm
N2	6.26×10^−1	6.86×10^−1	7.38×10^−1	7.68×10^−1	7.79×10^−1
O2	1.28×10^−1	1.82×10^−1	1.96×10^−1	2.04×10^−1	2.07×10^−1
H2O	1.41×10^−2	1.30×10^−1	6.50×10^−2	2.80×10^−2	1.40×10^−2
N	1.56×10^−5	—	—	—	—
O	5.95×10^−3	—	—	—	—
H	2.83×10^−4	—	—	—	—
O3	1.70×10^−5	—	—	—	—
H2	2.53×10^−4	—	—	—	—
OH	9.51×10^−3	9.03×10^−5	—	—	—
HO2	5.59×10^−4	5.81×10^−6	—	—	—
H2O2	2.00×10^−5	—	—	—	—
NO	8.47×10^−2	2.58×10^−3	1.49×10^−6	—	—
NO2	1.70×10^−3	1.27×10^−4	2.84×10^−6	—	—
N2O	3.61×10^−4	2.18×10^−6	—	—	—
NH	1.70×10^−6	—	—	—	—
HNO	5.95×10^−5	—	—	—	—
HNO2	1.75×10^−4	7.06×10^−6	—	—	—

Note: solvent = water, temperature (𝑇)=303 K, static pressure (𝑃₀)=100 kPa, dissolved gas = air, and frequency (𝑓)=20 kHz.