A Comprehensive Review of Embedded Transmission Pricing Methods Based on Power Flow Tracing Techniques

Table 1

Comparison between various power flow tracing methods.

Characteristics	Methods compared
	Proportional; sharing	Graph; theory	Circuit; theory	Optimization; approach	Relative electrical distance	Game; theory	EBE
Basic approach	Tracing based on proportionality principle	Tracing based on proportionality principle	Tracing based on network matrices	Tracing based on optimization approach	Tracing based on network matrices	Based on economic principles	Every load is supplied by every generator in a proportionate manner
Quantity dependency	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Network dependency	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
Slack bus dependency	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Effect of counter flow	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Volatility	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Is it easy to understand	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Simplicity	4	4	2	2	3	3	3
Fairness criteria	Shows immunity	Shows immunity	Shows immunity	Objective function can be defined	Shows immunity	Objective function defined	Shows immunity
Power flow model	AC/DC/Measures data	AC/DC/Measures data	AC/DC/Measures data	AC/DC/measures data	AC/DC/measures data	AC/DC/measures data	DC
Price signal	Follow the pattern of marginal scheme	Follow the pattern of marginal scheme	Follow the pattern of marginal scheme	May distort signals of proportionate tracing	Stable	Stable	Damped
Computation Time	2	2	3	4	3	4	3

Minimum: 1;  maximum: 5.