Helicobacter pylori Infection: Is Sequential Therapy Superior to Standard Triple Therapy? A Single-Centre Italian Study in Treatment-Naive and Non-Treatment-Naive Patients

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Clarithromycin resistance has decreased the eradication rates of Helicobacter pylori.AIMS: To determine whether a 10-day course of sequential therapy (ST) is more effective at eradicating H pylori infection than triple therapy (TT) in the first or second line, and to assess side effects and compliance with therapy.METHODS: One hundred sixty treatment-naive and 40 non-treatment-naive patients who were positive for H pylori infection by ¹³C-urea breath test or endoscopy were enrolled. Eighty of 160 patients underwent TT, while 80 of 160 underwent ST with omeprazole (20 mg) plus amoxicillin (1 g) twice/day for five days, followed by omeprazole (20 mg) with tinidazole (500 mg) twice/day and clarithromycin (500 mg) twice/day for five consecutive days. H pylori eradication was evaluated by ¹³C-urea breath test no sooner than four weeks after the end of treatment.RESULTS: Eradication was achieved in 59 of 80 treatment-naive patients treated with TT (74%), in 74 of 80 patients treated with ST (93%), and in 38 of 40 non-treatment-naive patients (95%). Eradication rates in treatment-naive patients with ST were statistically significantly higher than TT (92.5% versus 73.7%; P=0.0015; OR 4.39 [95% CI 1.66 to 11.58]). Mild adverse effects were reported for both regimens.CONCLUSIONS: ST appears to be a well-tolerated, promising therapy; however, randomized controlled trials with larger and more diverse sample populations are needed before it can be recommended as a first-line treatment.