Clinical Study

The Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Alanine Aminotransferase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, and Ultrasonographic Indices of Hepatic Steatosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients Undergoing Low Calorie Diet

Table 3

Dietary intake of study participants, at baseline and after intervention.

VariablesGroups BeforeAfter
Mean ± SDMean ± SD

Energy (Kcal/day)Olive oil2613.8 ± 662.31756.5 ± 538<0.001
Control2449.2 ± 723.21695 ± 527.10.001
0.440.7

Protein (g/day)Olive oil79.5 ± 24.2863.92 ± 23.80.001
Control82.68 ± 23.1861.5 ± 22.130.005
0.690.74

Carbohydrates (g/day)Olive oil374.16 ± 79.1252.5 ± 53.70.004
Control334.1 ± 62.6246.6 ± 49.30.005
0.220.832

FAT (g/day)Olive oil92.41 ± 55.3857.3 ± 23.180.001
Control86.03 ± 36.6455.33 ± 20.1<0.001
0.580.59

SFA (g/day)Olive oil23.94 ± 9.513.67 ± 8.180.003
Control28.93 ± 8.4514.03 ± 6.090.001
0.4110.870

MUFA (g/day)Olive oil24.95 ± 9.2829.27 ± 10.760.47
Control23.53 ± 10.810.19
0.873<0.001

PUFA (g/day)Olive oil37.88 ± 14.6312.43 ± 4.360.002
Control32.52 ± 11.80.003
0.275<0.001

Fiber (g/day)Olive oil12.49 ± 5.810.94 ± 6.50.333
Control13.4 ± 5.3211.69 ± 6.230.291
0.5950.070

Beta-carotene (µg/d)Olive oil245/7 ± 57.28226.68 ± 30.760.234
Control239.23 ± 95.81218.82 ± 72.540.171
value0.7080.895

Vitamin E (mg/day)Olive oil5.1 ± 3.52.53 ± 2.640.174
Control4.31 ± 3.12.16 ± 1.790.122
0.6340.587

Vitamin C (mg/day)Olive oil61.25 ± 42.9570.95 ± 32.950.621
Control63.9 ± 22.7268.05 ± 32.510.404
0.8630.761

Selenium (mg/day)Olive oil 0.09 ± 0.040.07 ± 0.040.134
Control0.13 ± 0.170.12 ± 0.120.823
0.3660.277

Zinc (mg/day)Olive oil7.04 ± 4.6210.94 ± 6.50.895
Control8/04 ± 4.911.69 ± 6.230.767
0.7110.615

value reported based on Independent Sample -test; value reported based on Paired -test; SFAs = saturated fatty acids, PUFAs = polyunsaturated fatty acids, and MUFAs = monounsaturated fatty acids.