The Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Alanine Aminotransferase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, and Ultrasonographic Indices of Hepatic Steatosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients Undergoing Low Calorie Diet
Table 3
Dietary intake of study participants, at baseline and after intervention.
Variables
Groups
Before
After
Mean ± SD
Mean ± SD
Energy (Kcal/day)
Olive oil
2613.8 ± 662.3
1756.5 ± 538
<0.001
Control
2449.2 ± 723.2
1695 ± 527.1
0.001
0.44
0.7
Protein (g/day)
Olive oil
79.5 ± 24.28
63.92 ± 23.8
0.001
Control
82.68 ± 23.18
61.5 ± 22.13
0.005
0.69
0.74
Carbohydrates (g/day)
Olive oil
374.16 ± 79.1
252.5 ± 53.7
0.004
Control
334.1 ± 62.6
246.6 ± 49.3
0.005
0.22
0.832
FAT (g/day)
Olive oil
92.41 ± 55.38
57.3 ± 23.18
0.001
Control
86.03 ± 36.64
55.33 ± 20.1
<0.001
0.58
0.59
SFA (g/day)
Olive oil
23.94 ± 9.5
13.67 ± 8.18
0.003
Control
28.93 ± 8.45
14.03 ± 6.09
0.001
0.411
0.870
MUFA (g/day)
Olive oil
24.95 ± 9.28
29.27 ± 10.76
0.47
Control
23.53 ± 10.81
0.19
0.873
<0.001
PUFA (g/day)
Olive oil
37.88 ± 14.63
12.43 ± 4.36
0.002
Control
32.52 ± 11.8
0.003
0.275
<0.001
Fiber (g/day)
Olive oil
12.49 ± 5.8
10.94 ± 6.5
0.333
Control
13.4 ± 5.32
11.69 ± 6.23
0.291
0.595
0.070
Beta-carotene (µg/d)
Olive oil
245/7 ± 57.28
226.68 ± 30.76
0.234
Control
239.23 ± 95.81
218.82 ± 72.54
0.171
value
0.708
0.895
Vitamin E (mg/day)
Olive oil
5.1 ± 3.5
2.53 ± 2.64
0.174
Control
4.31 ± 3.1
2.16 ± 1.79
0.122
0.634
0.587
Vitamin C (mg/day)
Olive oil
61.25 ± 42.95
70.95 ± 32.95
0.621
Control
63.9 ± 22.72
68.05 ± 32.51
0.404
0.863
0.761
Selenium (mg/day)
Olive oil
0.09 ± 0.04
0.07 ± 0.04
0.134
Control
0.13 ± 0.17
0.12 ± 0.12
0.823
0.366
0.277
Zinc (mg/day)
Olive oil
7.04 ± 4.62
10.94 ± 6.5
0.895
Control
8/04 ± 4.9
11.69 ± 6.23
0.767
0.711
0.615
value reported based on Independent Sample -test; value reported based on Paired -test; SFAs = saturated fatty acids, PUFAs = polyunsaturated fatty acids, and MUFAs = monounsaturated fatty acids.