Management Strategies and Outcomes for Hyponatremia in Cirrhosis in the Hyponatremia Registry

Table 1

Baseline demographic characteristics.

	All; (N = 3,087)	Cirrhosis; (n = 630)
Age distribution, n (%
≤50 y	479 (16)	190 (30)
51–64 y	937 (30)	339 (54)
65–74 y	587 (19)	81 (13)
≥75 y	1,084 (35)	20 (3)
Men, n (%	1,558 (51)	419 (67)
Race distribution: US only, n (%
White	1,927 (74)	455 (72)
African-American	309 (12)	58 (9)
Asian	57 (2)	13 (2)
Other	154 (6)	53 (9)
Unknown	149 (6)	51 (8)
Mean initial [Na+] ± SD, mEq/	123.6 ± 5.5	124.1 ± 5.0
Mean initial BUN ± SD, mg/d	20.8 ± 16.8	25.5 ± 18.8
Mean initial creatinine ± SD, mg/d	1.1 ± 0.73	1.28 ± 0.85
Initial BUN:creatinine	19.4 ± 9.4	19.8 ± 8.6
Prior HN, n (%
Yes	909 (29)	240 (38)
No	1,176 (38)	178 (28)
Unknown	1,001 (32)	212 (34)
HN at admission, n (%
Yes	2,532 (82)	549 (87)
No	531 (17)	81 (13)
Unknown	24 (1)	0 (0)
Primary physician specialty, n (%)
Nephrologist	104 (3)	8 (1)
Endocrinologist	108 (4)	0
Cardiologist	321 (10)	7 (1)
Hepatologist	260 (8)	246 (39)
Oncologist	111 (4)	11 (2)
Generalist	1,844 (60)	315 (50)
Other	338 (11)	43 (7)
HN subspecialist consulted, n (%
No	1989 (64)	501 (80)
Yes	1,096 (36)	129 (21)

Abbreviations: BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CHF, congestive heart failure; HN, hyponatremia; [Na⁺], sodium concentration; SD, standard deviation; SIADH, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.
vs CHF and cirrhosis, and CHF vs cirrhosis: P <0.001.
vs CHF: P = 0.79; and SIADH and CHF vs cirrhosis: P <0.001.
vs CHF and cirrhosis: P <0.001; CHF vs cirrhosis: P = 0.01.
vs CHF and cirrhosis: P <0.001; and CHF vs cirrhosis: P = 0.05.
during previous hospital admission in prior 12 months.
missing for 24 patients in All, 19 in SIADH, and 4 in CHF populations; SIADH vs CHF: P = 0.04; SIADH vs cirrhosis: P = 0.001; and CHF vs cirrhosis: P <0.001.
vs CHF and cirrhosis: P <0.001; and CHF vs cirrhosis: P = 0.01.
specialist defined as nephrologist or endocrinologist.
171 patients without a diagnosis of SIADH, cirrhosis, or CHF.