|
Study | Year | Country | Patient | Glue mixture (ratio), volume | Adverse event | Treatment | Outcome | Probable cause |
|
Shim et al. [12] | 1996 | S. Korea | 59 y/M | (0.5 : 0.8) 7 ml + 2 ml | Portal and splenic vein thrombosis | NA | NA | Large volume injection |
|
Battaglia et al. [13] | 2000 | Italy | 65 y/F | (1 : 1) 6 ml | Intraparenchymal subcapsular hematoma of the spleen | Splenectomy | Survival | Resin occluded branches of splenic vascularization or embolized intraparenchymal vessels and had been eliminated by macrophage action |
|
Türler et al. [14] | 2001 | Germany | 18 y/M | (1 : 1) 5 ml + 2 ml | Pulmonary embolism and left renal vein; recurrent left kidney abscess (5 months) | Thrombectomy and ventilation support; operative and CT-guided drainage (kidney abscess) | Survival | Spontaneous splenorenal shunt |
|
Tan et al. [15] | 2002 | Malaysia | 53 y/M | (0.5 : 0.7) 6 ml +1 ml | Pulmonary and splenic infarction | Supportive treatment and antibiotics | Survival | Collateral portosystemic circulation and presumable anomalous arteriovenous pulmonary shunts |
|
Cheng et al. [16] | 2004 | Taiwan | 65 y/F | (1 : 1) 3 ml | Sclerosant extravasation | Antibiotics and supportive treatment | Survival | High intravariceal pressure and large volume or high injection speed of tissue adhesive |
|
Rickman et al. [17] | 2004 | USA | 55 y/M | (1 : 1) 4 ml + 2 ml | Pulmonary emboli, splenic infarction | Oxygen support | Survival | NA |
|
Kok et al. [18] | 2004 | S. Africa | 24 y/F | (1 : 1) 2 ml + (1 : 2) 5 ml | Pulmonary infarction and septicemia | TIPS surgery | Death | Collateral vessels, size of varices, volume of injection, dilution of lipiodol |
|
Upadhyay et al. [19] | 2005 | Oman | 65 y/M | (1.5 : 2.1) | Inferior wall myocardial infarction and cortical blindness | Percutaneous occlusion of PFO followed by TIPS surgery | Survival | Patent foramen ovale |
|
Alexander et al. [20] | 2006 | Australia | 52 y/M | (1 : 3) 4 ml + 2 ml | Pulmonary embolism | Prednisolone and supportive treatment | Survival | Large volume injection |
|
Liu et al. [21] | 2006 | Taiwan | 42 y/M | (1 : 1) 2 ml | Splenic vein thrombosis | Antibiotics and supportive treatment | Survival | Volume of injection |
|
Martins Santos et al. [22] | 2007 | Brazil | 53 y/M | (1 : 1) 1 ml | Splenic infarction | Antibiotics and supportive treatment | Death | Arteriovenous shunt (probable) |
|
Yu et al. [23] | 2007 | Taiwan | 57 y/M | (1 : 0.7) 1.7 ml | Diaphragmatic embolism | Supportive treatment with narcotic analgesic and short course of terlipressin | Survival | Portophrenic shunt (probable) |
|
Chang et al. [24] | 2008 | Taiwan | 53 y/M | (1 : 1) 2 ml | Pyogenic Portal venous thrombosis | Antibiotics | Death | Direct injection or regurgitation of tissue adhesive along the short gastric vein and splenic vein into the portal vein |
|
Marion-Audibert et al. [25] | 2008 | France | 77 y | (1 : 1) 1.5 ml | Pulmonary embolism | BCLS protocol | Death | Portosystemic vascular shunt (gastrosplenorenal shunt) (reconstruction with animal model) |
|
Abdullah et al. [26] | 2009 | Malaysia | 40 y/M | (1 : 1) 3 ml | Cerebral infarction | NA | Survival | Patent foramen ovale |
|
Park et al. [27] | 2010 | S. Korea | 34 y/M | NA | Right atrium emboli extended from inferior vena cava | NA | Survival | Gastrorenal shunt |
|
Chen et al. [28] | 2011 | Taiwan | 57 y/F | (1 : 1) 4 ml + 6 ml | Esophageal variceal embolism | Cyanoacrylate hemostasis | Survival | NA |
|
Kazi et al. [29] | 2012 | Australia | 44 y/F | (1 : 1) 4 ml | Pulmonary emboli and pulmonary infarct, resulting in DIC | Blood transfusion to correct coagulopathy | Survival | NA |
|
Miyakoda et al. [30] | 2012 | Japan | 76 y/F | (1 : 0.5) 1.5 ml + (1 : 0.5) 3.5 ml | Right atrium emboli | Heparin | Death | NA |
|
Chan et al. [31] | 2012 | Malaysia | 44 y/F | (0.5 : 0.8) 1.3 ml | Splenic infarction | Conservative treatment (analgesics, antihistamine, and antiemetic) | Survival | NA |
|
Singer et al. [32] | 2012 | USA | 75 y/M | (1 : 1) 3 ml | Pulmonary infarction | Empiric antibiotics and supportive care | Survival | NA |
|
Mourin et al. [33] | 2012 | France | 69 y/M | NA | Pulmonary infarction | Anticoagulant treatment + pneumonectomy | Death | Presumed portosystemic vascular shunts |
|
Köksal et al. [34] | 2013 | Turkey | 33 y/F | (1 : 1) 2 ml | Splenic infarction | Supportive treatment | Survival | Retrograde embolization through the splenic vein |
|
Myung et al. [35] | 2013 | S. Korea | 55 y/F | (1 : 1) 2 ml | Splenic infarction and cerebral infarction | NA | Survival | Patent foramen ovale |
|
Nawrot et al. [36] | 2014 | Poland | 54 y/F | (0.5 : 0.8) 12 ml | Pulmonary embolism with septicemia | Antibiotics | Survival | Large spontaneous splenorenal shunt |
|
Chew et al. [37] | 2014 | UK | 34 y/M | (1 : 1) 4 ml | Pulmonary emboli | Intravenous diuretics, empiric antibiotics | Survival | NA |
|
Burke et al. [38] | 2017 | Australia | 25 y/F | 1 ml + 3 ml | Pulmonary emboli | BCLA protocol | Death | Presumed collateral circulation |
|