Applicability of Oral Fluid and Dried Blood Spot for Hepatitis B Virus Diagnosis

Table 1

Main Characteristics of studies that detect HBV antigen and antibodies in saliva or oral fluid samples.

Marker	Population	Country	Oral fluid device or sample collection	Assay	Sensitivity	Specificity	Reference
HBsAg	Local and out-of-state public health clinics	USA	Orasure	Commercial Enzyme immunoassay	100.0%	100.0%	[7]
Anti-HBc IgM	Local and out-of-state public health clinics	USA	Orasure	Commercial Enzyme immunoassay	100.0%	100.0%	[7]
HBsAg	Patients with and without HBV	Thailand	Whole saliva	Commercial Enzyme immunoassay	96.5%	100.0%	[8]
Anti-HBc	Rural community	Ethiopia	Sponge swab	Commercial Enzyme immunoassay	43.0%	87.0%	[9]
Anti-HBc	blood donors and injecting drug users	Denmark	Omni-Sal	Commercial Enzyme immunoassay	85.9%	100.0%	[10]
HBsAg	Unit of Gastroenterology of three university hospitals	Belgium	Oracol	Commercial Enzyme immunoassay	90.7%	100.0%	[11]
Anti-HBc Total	Viral Hepatitis ambulatory	Brazil	Orasure	Commercial Enzyme immunoassay	13%	100.0%	[12]
Anti-HBc IgM	Viral Hepatitis ambulatory	Brazil	Orasure	Commercial Enzyme immunoassay	100.0%	100.0%	[12]
Anti-HBs	Viral Hepatitis ambulatory	Brazil	Orasure	Commercial Enzyme immunoassay	8.33%	100.0%	[12]
HBsAg	Viral Hepatitis ambulatory	Brazil	Salivette	Commercial Enzyme immunoassay	85.1%	94.1%	[13]
			Whole saliva		93.6%	92.6%
HBsAg	Viral Hepatitis ambulatory and Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul	Brazil	Chembio	Commercial Enzyme immunoassay	95.2%	100%	[14]
					78.3%	89.9%
			Salivette
HBsAg	Patients with and without HBV	India	Whole saliva	Commercial Enzyme immunoassay	100%	100%	[15]
HBsAg	Alcoholics	Brazil	Salivette	Commercial Enzyme immunoassay	Not available	100%	[16]
HBsAg	Viral Hepatitis ambulatory	Brazil	Salivette	Commercial Enzyme immunoassay	80.9%	86.8%	[17]
Anti-HBc					82.4%	96.9%