Gastrointestinal Bleeding in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis.

Author	Year	Country	Patients included/COVID-19 patients, (n)	Sex (male), n (%)	Age [mean (SD) or median (IQR/range)]	Patients taking anticoagulants or NSAIDs (n)	Bleeding, n (%)	Most frequent diagnosis for GI bleeding
Blackett et al. [27]	2020	USA	545/79	328 (60.2)	63 (52–73)	—	35 (44.3)	—
Martin et al. [9]	2020	USA	123/123	81 (65.9)	68.7 (15.1)	46 (37.4)	41 (33.3)	Duodenal and rectal ulcers
Mattioli et al. [28]	2020	Italy	105/105	58 (55.2)	73.7 (14.6)	105 (100)	1 (1)	Erosive gastritis
Patell et al. [29]	2020	Israel	398/398	209 (52.5)	65	369 (92.7)	33 (.3)	—
Shao et al. [30]	2020	China	155/155	62 (40)	48 (33–63)	—	1 (0.6)	—
Yang et al. [11]	2020	China	92/92	49 (53.3)	69.8 (14.5)	—	1 (1.1)	Variceal bleeding
Lin et al. [10]	2020	China	95/95	45 (47.4)	45.3 (18.3)	—	2 (2.1)	Gastroduodenitis
Gonzalez Gonzalez et al. [32]	2020	Spain	1463693/74814	45935 (61.4)	77 (15)	—	83 (0.1)	Ulcers
Mauro et al. [15]	2020	Italy	4871/4871	—	75	22 (only among bleedings)	23 (0.5)	Peptic ulcer, haemorrhagic gastritis
Trindade et al. [31]	2020	USA	11158/11158	—	69.4 (14.3)	—	314 (2.8)	Gastroduodenal ulcers

COVID-19 = coronavirus 2019 associated disease; n = number; SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range; GI = gastrointestinal; and USA = United States of America.