Lactate and Bilirubin Index: A New Indicator to Predict Critically Ill Cirrhotic Patients’ Prognosis
Table 1
Characteristics of the study population, stratified by survival.
Parameter
All patients (n = 479)
Survivors (n = 321)
Nonsurvivors (n = 158)
value
Age (years)
55.6 (48.9–64.8)
55.8 (48.3–65.2)
55.2 (49.9–64.3)
0.710
Sex: male
315 (65.8)
213 (66.4)
102 (64.6)
0.697
Weight (kg)
85.3 (70.9–99.0)
85.3 (70.5–97.5)
85.0 (71.2–100.0)
0.660
Ethnicity
White
350 (73.1)
241 (75.1)
109 (69.0)
0.041
Black
31 (6.5)
24 (7.5)
7 (4.4)
Others
98 (20.5)
56 (17.4)
42 (26.6)
Causes of cirrhosis
Alcoholic
264 (55.1)
167 (52.0)
97 (61.4)
0.053
Hepatitis B
12 (2.5)
5 (1.6)
7 (4.4)
0.059
Hepatitis C
119 (24.8)
77 (24.0)
42 (26.6)
0.537
Biliary
9 (1.9)
0 (0.0)
9 (5.7)
0.034
Autoimmune
5 (1.0)
3 (0.9)
2 (1.3)
0.667
Others
136 (28.4)
103 (32.1)
33 (20.9)
0.011
Primary cause of ICU admission
Infection/sepsis
132 (27.6)
93 (29.0)
39 (24.7)
0.323
Bleeding
107 (22.3)
79 (24.6)
28 (17.7)
0.089
Respiratory
17 (3.5)
12 (3.7)
5 (3.2)
0.750
Cardiovascular
56 (11.7)
42 (13.1)
14 (8.9)
0.176
Renal failure
25 (5.2)
12 (3.7)
13 (8.2)
0.038
Neurological failure
49 (10.2)
31 (9.7)
18 (11.4)
0.556
Others
93 (19.4)
52 (16.2)
41 (25.9)
0.011
Comorbidity
Hypertension
122 (25.5)
80 (24.9)
42 (26.6)
0.695
Diabetes
124 (25.9)
85 (26.5)
39 (24.7)
0.673
Vital signs
Temperature (°C)
36.7 (36.3–37.2)
36.8 (36.4–37.3)
36.4 (36.0–37.0)
<0.001
Heart rate
90.4 (78.7–103.2)
88.6 (76.8–101.1)
94.2 (81.1–105.4)
0.021
MAP (mmHg)
73.1 (67.9–80.7)
74.8 (69.4–82.5)
70.0 (64.4–75.6)
<0.001
Respiratory rate
18.9 (16.1–22.1)
18.3 (15.9–21.0)
20.2 (17.3–23.7)
<0.001
SpO2/FiO2
185.2 (173.1–457.0)
204.6 (175.2–458.1)
175.8 (169.4–455.8)
<0.001
24-h urine output (mL)
1151 (572–1915)
1360 (787–2028)
653 (222–1280)
<0.001
Mechanical ventilation duration (hours)
36.0 (0.0–120.5)
19.0 (0.0–112.5)
60.1 (12.0–146.5)
<0.001
Length of ICU stay (days)
4.0 (2.4–8.5)
3.8 (2.3–8.0)
4.7 (2.8–9.0)
0.147
Values are expressed as n (%) or median (IQR). ICU: intensive care unit; MAP: mean arterial pressure; SpO2: peripheral oxygen saturation; FiO2: fraction of inspired oxygen.
