Admission Serum Bicarbonate Predicts Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Cirrhotic Patients

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of study cohort (N = 2693).

Baseline characteristic	Mean ± SD	SB < 14 (N = 66, 2.5%)	SB 14–17 (N = 227, 8.4%)	SB 18–21 (N = 662, 24.6%)	SB 22–25 (N = 1072, 39.8%)	SB 26–29 (N = 531, 19.7%)	SB 30–33 (N = 100, 3.7%)	SB >33 (N = 35, 1.3%)
Age^§	61.1 ± 12.3	60.5 ± 13.4	60 ± 13	60.7 ± 12.5	61.3 ± 12.4	61.8 ± 11.5	62 ± 13	61.1 ± 11.3
Male/female	1642/1051	46/20	138/89	406/256	636/436	335/196	59/41	22/13
Initial SB^§†	22.9 ± 4.5	10.4 ± 2.7	16.0 ± 1.0	19.9 ± 1.1	23.5 ± 1.1	27.1 ± 1.1	31.1 ± 1.1	36.5 ± 3.4
Initial pH^†	7.38 ± 0.08	7.21 ± 0.17	7.33 ± 0.09	7.38 ± 0.07	7.39 ± 0.05	7.38 ± 0.05	7.39 ± 0.07	7.38 ± 0.09
Initial BUN^§†	91.3 ± 239.2	162.7 ± 319.2	105.5 ± 108.7	105.4 ± 424.6	82.0 ± 95.3	77.6 ± 142.7	92.3 ± 180.3	68.0 ± 67.7
Initial Cr^§†	1.19 ± 1.04	2.76 ± 2.95	2.04 ± 1.95	1.29 ± 0.95	0.99 ± 0.52	0.96 ± 0.50	1.02 ± 0.68	0.95 ± 0.53
Initial Cl^§†	100.2 ± 6.1	101.0 ± 9.4	101.3 ± 7.8	101.1 ± 6.2	100.5 ± 5.5	99.0 ± 5.2	96.6 ± 6.0	92.8 ± 6.4
Initial CO2^§†	42.7 ± 9.8	31.3 ± 13.0	34.9 ± 7.1	38.5 ± 6.3	42.6 ± 6.5	48.8 ± 8.1	54.2 ± 10.4	66.3 ± 20.1
Initial Na^§†	137.8 ± 5.2	137.8 ± 6.9	136.2 ± 6.2	137.1 ± 5.4	138.0 ± 4.8	138.5 ± 4.5	138.5 ± 5.1	138.7 ± 5.3
AST^§	91.7 ± 239.4	163.2 ± 319.2	105.5 ± 108.6	105.5 ± 423.9	82.9 ± 98.4	77.9 ± 142.3	92.2 ± 180.2	67.0 ± 67.7
ALT^§†	49.8 ± 101.9	98.5 ± 355.9	54.0 ± 66.4	51.6 ± 106.6	46.2 ± 60.5	44.0 ± 80.3	67.2 ± 173.8	31.8 ± 24.1
Alk phos^§†	155.6 ± 128.8	160.4 ± 122.5	176.4 ± 164.5	161.4 ± 132.8	152.8 ± 127.2	149.9 ± 117.0	139.2 ± 95.8	118.8 ± 58.5
Albumin^§†	3.3 ± 0.7	3.0 ± 0.9	2.9 ± 0.8	3.2 ± 0.7	3.3 ± 0.7	3.4 ± 0.7	3.4 ± 0.7	3.2 ± 0.8
TB^§†	3.0 ± 5.4	5.7 ± 10.2	5.3 ± 8.3	3.6 ± 6.0	2.6 ± 4.5	2.1 ± 3.3	1.8 ± 2.5	2.2 ± 3.8
INR^§†	1.4 ± 0.8	1.9 ± 1.6	1.5 ± 0.7	1.4 ± 0.9	1.3 ± 0.5	1.3 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 0.5	2.0 ± 3.3
MELD^†	13.8 ± 6.9	22.5 ± 9.8	18.6 ± 8.4	14.9 ± 6.9	12.6 ± 5.7	11.8 ± 5.7	11.8 ± 6.2	13 ± 5.9
MELD-Na^§†	15.9 ± 8.3	23.8 ± 9.5	20.8 ± 8.5	17.1 ± 7.3	14.6 ± 7.3	13.5 ± 6.1	13.4 ± 7	14.6 ± 6.6

^§Age (years at index date), SB units (mEq/L), BUN (mg/dL), Cr (mg/dL), Cl (mEq/L), CO2 (mEq/L), Na (mEq/L), AST (U/L), ALT (U/L), Alk Phos (U/L), albumin (g/dL), TB (mg/dL), INR ratio, and MELD-Na score. ^†Significant difference in frequency between SB groups ().SD, standard deviation; N, sample size; SB, serum bicarbonate; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine; Cl, chloride; CO₂, carbon dioxide; Na, sodium; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; Alk Phos, alkaline phosphatase; TB, total bilirubin; INR, international normalized ratio; MELD-Na, Model of End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium.