Evaluation of Risk Factors for Antibiotic Resistance in Patients with Nosocomial Infections Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Table 2
Univariate analysis of risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial infections due to P. aeruginosa (IMP, MEM, and TZP).
Risk factors
IMP-R ( = 56) (-%)
IMP-S ( = 64) (-%)
MEM-R ( = 52) (-%)
MEM-S ( = 68) (-%)
TZP-R ( = 44) (-%)
TZP-S ( = 76) (-%)
>60 years old
31–55.4
39–60.9
0.536
27–51.9
43–63.2
0.213
26–59.1
44–57.9
0.898
Sex (male)
28–50
33–51.6
0.864
24–46.2
35–51.5
0.564
20–45.5
41–53.9
0.370
Intensive care unit type
NR-ICU
14–25
16–25
0.782
16–30.8
14–20.6
0.206
20–45.5
10–13.2
<0.001
AR-ICU
25–44.6
32–50
20–38.5
37–54.4
17–38.6
40–52.6
NRS-ICU
17–30.4
16–25
16–30.8
17–25
7–15.9
26–34.2
Intensive care unit stay > 60 days
47–83.9
35–54.7
0.001
46–88.5
36–52.9
<0.001
34–77.3
48–63.2
0.109
Polymicrobial infection
49–87.5
41–64.1
0.003
46–88.5
44–64.7
0.003
38–86.4
52–68.4
0.029
Multiple isolation of P. aeruginosa
34–60.7
16–25
<0.001
32–61.5
18–26.5
<0.001
19–43.2
31–40.8
0.798
Time at risk > 30 days
43–76.8
36–56.2
0.018
40–76.9
39–57.4
0.024
32–72.7
47–61.8
0.226
APACHE II score (mean ± SD) (at time of isolation)
24.1 ± 5.8
23.1 ± 6.6
0.435
24 ± 5.6
22.2 ± 4.6
0.739
24.6 ± 6.3
23 ± 6.1
0.164
Mechanic ventilation
48–85.7
48–75
0.143
44–84.6
42–72.5
0.269
38–86.4
58–76.3
0.185
Enteral nutrition
53–94.6
52–81.3
0.027
48–92.3
57–83.8
0.164
40–90.9
65–85.5
0.390
Total parenteral nutrition
47–83.9
40–62.5
0.009
43–82.7
44–64.7
0.029
38–86.4
49–64.5
0.010
Thoracotomy tube
9–16.1
8–12.5
0.576
7–13.5
10–14.7
0.846
7–15.9
10–13.2
0.677
History of cerebrovascular disease
40–71.4
38–59.4
0.167
42–80.8
36–52.9
0.002
30–68.2
48–63.2
0.578
History of cardiovascular disease
49–87.5
49–76.6
0.122
47–90.4
51–75
0.031
39–88.6
59–77.6
0.133
History of surgical operation
21–37.5
19–29.7
0.365
18–34.6
22–32.4
0.794
9–20.5
31–40.8
0.023
Prior receipt of cefazolin
19–33.9
10–15.6
0.019
14–26.9
15–22.1
0.537
7–15.9
22–28.9
0.108
Prior receipt of ceftazidime
8–14.3
1–1.6
0.008
7–13.5
2–2.9
0.030
2–4.5
7–9.2
0.350
Prior receipt of meropenem
42–75
25–39.1
<0.001
42–80.8
25–36.8
<0.001
31–70.5
36–47.4
0.014
Prior receipt of amikacin
28–50
16–25
0.005
26–50
18–26.5
0.008
18–40.9
26–34.2
0.463
Prior receipt of piperacillin-tazobactam
26–46.4
24–37.5
0.322
25–48.1
25–36.8
0.213
24–54.5
26–34.2
0.029
Prior receipt of ciprofloxacin
4–7.1
6–9.4
0.659
7–13.5
3–4.4
0.076
7–15.9
3–3.9
0.022
Prior receipt of teicoplanin
25–44.6
13–20.3
0.004
20–38.5
18–26.5
0.162
16–36.4
18–23.7
0.137
NR-ICU: neurology intensive care unit, AR-ICU: anesthesia-reanimation intensive care unit, and NRS-ICU: neurosurgery intensive care unit. IMP: imipenem, MEM: meropenem, and TZP: piperacillin-tazobactam. R: resistant and S: sensitive.
