Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Induction due to Infection: A Patient with Infective Endocarditis and Chronic Hepatitis C

Table 1

Number of positive clinical and laboratory characteristics among all previously reported cases of ANCA-positive infective .

Patient characteristic	Proportion among 70 reported patient cases
Mean age (years)	53.2
Male/female	54/16
Valve involvement	56/70
Aortic	22
Mitral	16
Left-sided not otherwise specified	7
Aortic plus mitral	6
Tricuspid	5
Pulmonary	1
Mitral plus pulmonary and tricuspid	1
Ventricular septal defect	1
Clinical features
Fever	46
Anemia	34
Splenomegaly	19
Nephropathy (GN or AKI)	43
Arthralgia	17
Lower extremity edema	23
Rash	15
Purpura	11
Cerebral infarction	7
Finger clubbing	4
Laboratory results
PR3	52
MPO	8
PR3 + MPO	7
Hematuria	49
Proteinuria	14
Microbiology
Positive blood culture	54/70
Pathogen
Streptococcus spp.	28
Enterococcus spp.	7
Staphylococcus spp.	10
Bartonella spp.	9
Neisseria spp.	1
Propionibacterium spp.	1
Haemophilus spp.	1
Gemella spp.	1
Aggregatibacter spp.	1

GN: glomerulonephritis; AKI: acute kidney injury; PR3: proteinase 3; MPO: myeloperoxidase; spp.: species.
This table, taken from Ying et al. (2014) with permission, expands the review from the original 44 patients to include 26 others [7].