Research Article
Epidemiology and Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the Era of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy
Table 1
Baseline characteristics and univariate analyses.
| | Variable | All patients | Death at 30 days | value | | No | Yes | | | | | (100%) | (80.5%) | (19.5%) | (Chi-square) |
| | Age in years (mean, SD) | 44.2 (9.9) | 43.8 (10) | 45.8 (9.3) | 0.19 | | Male gender | 169 (59.9) | 134 (59.0) | 35 (63.6) | 0.11 | | Ethnicity | | | | 0.11 | | Aboriginal | 134 (47.5) | 111 (48.9) | 23 (41.8) | 0.35 | | Caucasian | 115 (40.8) | 90 (39.6) | 25 (45.5) | 0.43 | | Black | 17 (6.0) | 15 (6.6) | 2 (3.6) | 0.41 | | Hospital site | | | | 0.87 | | Comorbidities | | | | | | HCV coinfection | 153 (54.4) | 131 (53.5) | 32 (58.2) | 0.54 | | HBV coinfection | 17 (6.0) | 14 (6.2) | 3 (5.5) | 1.00 | | HBV/HCV | 6 (2.1) | | | | | Chronic lung disease | 57 (20.2) | 46 (20.3) | 11 (20.0) | 0.97 | | Malignancy | 21 (7.4) | 15 (6.6) | 6 (10.9) | 0.26 | | Psychiatric disease | 68 (24.1) | 57 (25.1) | 11 (20.0) | 0.43 | | Cirrhosis | 37 (13.1) | 25 (11.0) | 12 (21.8) | 0.033 | | CAD | 10 (3.5) | 5 (2.2) | 5 (9.1) | 0.027 | | Addiction | 184 (65.2) | 148 (65.2) | 36 (65.5) | 0.97 | | HIV risk factor | | | | | | PWID | 169 (59.9) | 137 (60.4) | 32 (58.2) | 0.77 | | MSM | 27 (9.6) | 18 (7.9) | 9 (16.4) | 0.056 | | Heterosexual | 186 (66.0) | 150 (66.1) | 36 (65.5) | 0.93 | | New diagnosis of HIV | 45 (16.0) | 41 (18.1) | 4 (7.3) | 0.050 | | Duration of HIV (years, mean, SD) | 6.0 (5.5) | 5.5 (5.5) | 7.9 (5.2) | 0.003 | | cART at ICU admission | 98 (34.8) | 75 (33.0) | 23 (41.8) | 0.22 | | PI-based regimen | 53 (18.8) | 41 (18.1) | 12 (21.8) | 0.52 | | NNRTI-based regimen | 50 (17.7) | 39 (17.2) | 11 (20.0) | 0.62 | | PJP prophylaxis at ICU admission | 40 (14.2) | 32 (14.1) | 8 (14.5) | 0.93 | | CD4 count, cells/mm3 (median, IQR) | 125 (30–300) | 120 (35–306) | 140 (20–290) | 0.53 | | CD4 percentage (median, IQR) | 15 (6–25) | 14 (6–24.75) | 15 (3–26) | 0.48 | | HIV viral load, copies/mL (median, IQR) | 28000 (110–270000) | 28000 (130–291864) | 28000 (0–197500) | 0.40 | | HIV viral load suppressed | 78 (28.4) | 60 (27.1) | 18 (33.3) | 0.37 | | History of OI | 90 (31.9) | 68 (30.0) | 22 (40.0) | 0.15 | | Admission diagnosis | | | | | | Respiratory failure | 10 (3.5) | 9 (4) | 1 (1.8) | 0.69 | | Sepsis | 189 (63.8) | 139 (61.2) | 41 (74.5) | 0.065 | | Trauma | 23 (8.2) | 22 (9.7) | 1 (1.8) | 0.057 | | Overdose | 32 (11.3) | 29 (12.8) | 3 (5.5) | 0.13 | | APACHE II score (mean, SD) | 22.1 (7.8) | 20.7 (6.9) | 27.7 (8.6) | <0.001 | | LDH (median, IQR) | 292 (187–471) | 281 (168–456) | 337 (234–603) | 0.023 | | Albumin (mean, SD) | 24.3 (7.2) | 25 (7.4) | 21.8 (5.9) | 0.004 | | IMV | 213 (75.5) | 167 (73.6) | 46 (83.6) | 0.12 | | Mechanical ventilation days (median, IQR) | 3 (1–7) | 3 (1–7) | 3 (1–6) | 0.76 | | Shock | 133 (47.2) | 98 (43.2) | 35 (63.6) | 0.006 | | AKI requiring RRT | 35 (12.4) | 25 (11) | 10 (18.2) | 0.15 |
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HCV, hepatitis C virus; HBV, hepatitis B virus; CAD, coronary artery disease; PWID, people who inject drugs; MSM, men who have sex with men; ARV, antiretroviral; PI, protease inhibitor; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PJP, Pneumocystis jirovecii; PVL, plasma viral load; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; AKI, acute kidney injury; RRT, renal replacement therapy; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay.
Missing data; bold, statistically significant.
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