Network Analysis of MERS Coronavirus within Households, Communities, and Hospitals to Identify Most Centralized and Super-Spreading in the Arabian Peninsula, 2012 to 2016

Table 1

Summary of sociodemographic and contact characteristics of MERS-CoV cases in the top 3 infected regions in the KSA during the study period.

Variable	Ar Riyad ()	Makkah ()	Ash Sharqiyah ()	Overall ()	value
Mean age^a (SD)	52.73 (19.06)	48.39 (20.01)	61.0 (8.04)	51.7 (18.52)	0.0239
Sex^b
Male	373 (57.83%)	226 (67.46%)	125 (71.84%)	901 (65.3%)	<0.0001
Female	263 (40.78%)	100 (29.85%)	49 (28.16%)	460 (33.4%)
Healthcare worker^c	87 (13.49%)	60 (17.91%)	23 (13.22%)	203 (14.7%)	<0.0001
Comorbidity^d	428 (66.4%)	124 (37.0%)	124 (71.13%)	819 (59.4%)	0.2410
Fatal	199 (30.85%)	92 (27.46%)	79 (45.40%)	466 (33.79%)	<0.0001
Place of exposure^e
Community linked	48 (7.44%)	6 (1.79%)	17 (9.77%)	81 (5.9%)	<0.0001
Other contacts	66 (10.23%)	94 (28.06%)	27 (15.52%)	224 (16.2%)
Hospital linked	209 (32.40%)	23 (6.87%)	45 (25.86%)	321 (23.3%)
Index	0	0	0	2 (0.2%)
Animal linked^f	54 (8.37%)	30 (8.96%)	36 (20.69%)	162 (11.74%)	<0.0001
Camel linked^g	48 (7.44%)	25 (7.46%)	33 (18.97%)	145 (10.51%)	<0.0001

Note. ^aAge: 5 (0.4%) cases missing age value. ^bSex: 18 (1.3%) cases of unknown gender. ^cHealthcare worker: 516 (37.4%) unknown or unclassified healthcare worker status. ^dComorbidity: 338 (24.5%), unknown or unclassified comorbidity status. ^eContact history: 750 (54.4%) unknown source/place of exposure. ^fAnimal contact: 838 (60.8%) unknown animal contact history. ^gCamel contact: 867 (62.9%) unknown camel contact history.