Research Article
Elevated Blood Urea Nitrogen-to-Serum Albumin Ratio as a Factor That Negatively Affects the Mortality of Patients with Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
Table 3
Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses of factors affecting 30-day mortality with HAP.
| Characteristics | Related mortality, (13.0%) | Survival, (87.0%) | Univariate | Multivariate | HR | 95% Cl | | HR | 95% Cl | |
| Age >70 years | 71 (47.3%) | 338 (32.5%) | 1.701 | 1.234–2.343 | 0.001 | 1.329 | 0.943–1.874 | 0.105 | Gender: male | 103 (68.7%) | 620 (61.5%) | 1.344 | 0.952–1.898 | 0.093 | | | | Smoke | 33 (22.0%) | 215 (21.3%) | 1.045 | 0.710-1.537 | 0.825 | | | | Diabetes mellitus | 40 (26.7%) | 190 (18.8%) | 1.524 | 1.061–2.188 | 0.023 | 1.366 | 0.936–1.995 | 0.106 | COPD | 12 (8.0%) | 43 (0.43%) | 1.843 | 1.022–3.324 | 0.042 | 1.075 | 0.569–2.030 | 0.824 | Antibiotics therapy in the preceding 90 days | 106 (70.7%) | 460 (45.6%) | 2.684 | 1.888–3.815 | <0.001 | 1.875 | 1.278–2.751 | 0.001 | Stomach tube intubation | 54 (36.0%) | 253 (25.1%) | 1.606 | 1.151–2.442 | 0.005 | 0.899 | 0.616–1.313 | 0.582 | Central venous catheterization | 32 (21.3%) | 165 (16.4%) | 1.348 | 0.912–1.992 | 0.134 | | | | Use of PPI | 118 (78.7%) | 627 (62.2%) | 2.138 | 1.447–3.161 | <0.001 | 1.508 | 1.003–2.268 | 0.048 | ICU admission | 15 (10.0%) | 15 (1.5%) | 5.190 | 3.043–8.852 | <0.001 | 2.405 | 1.334–4.338 | 0.004 | ALB < 30 g/l | 27 (18.0%) | 97 (9.6%) | 1.904 | 1.255–2.888 | 0.002 | 1.346 | 0.874–2.074 | 0.177 | WBC, mean ± SD, ∗109/L | 10.17 ± 8.43 | 10.47 ± 5.19 | 0.991 | 0.961–1.023 | 0.586 | | | | Lymphocyte count <0.8 × 109/l | 64 (42.7%) | 263 (26.1%) | 1.964 | 1.421–2.714 | <0.001 | 1.626 | 1.126–2.348 | 0.009 | NLR | 11.18 ± 11.37 | 8.76 ± 8.62 | 1.019 | 1.007–1.031 | 0.002 | 1.004 | 0.987–1.022 | 0.619 | BUN/ALB | 0.33 ± 0.28 | 0.20 ± 0.15 | 9.100 | 5.647–14.663 | <0.001 | 3.871 | 2.174–6.893 | <0.001 | MDR pathogens | 51 (34.0%) | 142 (14.1%) | 2.835 | 2.022–3.975 | <0.001 | 1.870 | 1.252–2.794 | 0.002 |
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HAP: hospital-acquired pneumonia; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; use of PPI: use of proton-pump inhibitor; ICU admission: intensive care unit admission; ALB: albumin; WBC: white blood cell; NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio; BUN/ALB: blood urea nitrogen/blood albumin; MDR: multidrug resistant.
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