| | Criteria | Haemophilus influenzae (n = 113) | Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 132) | value |
| | Demographical characteristics | | Female gender, n (%) | 46 (41) | 53 (40) | 1.000 | | Age, median (IQR) | 64 (54–75) | 61 (52–71) | 0.141 | | BMI, median (IQR) | 25 (22–31) | 25 (22–28) | 0.400 | | Medical history | | Recent bronchitis, n (%) | 21 (19) | 11 (8) | 0.022 | | Previous pneumonia, n (%) | 63 (56) | 80 (61) | 0.516 | | Risk factors | | Living in nursing home, n (%) | 17 (15) | 23 (17) | 0.729 | | Smoking, n (%) | 55 (49) | 59 (45) | 0.608 | | Alcohol abuse, n (%) | 33 (29) | 44 (33) | 0.494 | | Comorbidities | | Immunosuppression, n (%) | 17 (15) | 23 (17) | 0.729 | | Diabetes, n (%) | 25 (22) | 24 (18) | 0.522 | | Cirrhosis, n (%) | 9 (8) | 10 (8) | 1.000 | | Renal chronic failure, n (%) | 5 (4) | 5 (4) | 1.000 | | Cardiac chronic failure, n (%) | 21 (19) | 27 (20) | 0.749 | | COPD, n (%) | 49 (43) | 39 (30) | 0.032 | | Type of pneumonia | | CAP, n (%) | 93 (82) | 123 (93) | 0.010 | | HAP, n (%) | 20 (18) | 9 (7) | 0.010 | | VAP, n (%) | 15 (13) | 6 (5) | 0.021 | | Inhalation associated, n (%) | 42 (37) | 49 (37) | 1.000 | | Meningitis associated, n (%) | 0 (0) | 4 (3) | 0.126 | | Coinfection, n (%) | 31 (27) | 23 (17) | 0.065 | | Kind of sample | | Pulmonary sample, n (%) | 106 (94) | 93 (70) | <0.001 | | Blood culture, n (%) | 7 (6) | 37 (28) | <0.001 | | Pleural fluid, n (%) | 0 (0) | 8 (6) | 0.008 | | Cerebrospinal fluid, n (%) | 0 (0) | 4 (3) | 0.126 | | Severity of pneumonia | | SAPS-II, median (IQR) | 48 (33–62) | 48 (35–58) | 0.558 | | Local complication, n (%) | 8 (7) | 22 (17) | 0.030 | | Organ failure, n (%) | 108 (96) | 128 (97) | 0.736 | | ARDS, n (%) | 17 (15) | 23 (17) | 0.729 | | MV, n (%) | 107 (95) | 119 (90) | 0.234 | | OTI, n (%) | 96 (85) | 106 (80) | 0.401 | | VAP during hospitalization, n (%) | 31 (27) | 22 (17) | 0.044 | | Acute renal failure, n (%) | 55 (49) | 66 (50) | 0.898 | | Dialysis, n (%) | 7 (6) | 13 (10) | 0.354 | | CVC, n (%) | 93 (82) | 105 (80) | 0.628 | | Septic shock, n (%) | 45 (40) | 67 (51) | 0.096 | | ICU death, n (%) | 29 (26) | 35 (27) | 1.000 | | OTI duration, median (IQR) | 8 (4–13) | 7 (3–11) | 0.120 | | MV duration, median (IQR) | 8 (3–14) | 6 (2–11) | 0.044 | | ICU duration, median (IQR) | 11 (6–19) | 9 (5–16) | 0.078 | | Radiographic features | | Alveolar infiltrates, n (%) | 72/83 (87) | 102/110 (93) | 0.223 | | Unilobar involvement, n (%) | 36/82 (44) | 59/109 (54) | 0.189 | | Multilobar involvement, n (%) | 35/82 (43) | 42/109 (39) | 0.655 | | Antimicrobial therapy | | Stream lining (de-escalation), n (%) | 59 (53) | 87 (67) | 0.025 | | De-escalation possibility, n (%) | 84 (76) | 111 (85) | 0.102 | | Outcome | | Death in ICU, n (%) | 29 (26) | 35 (27) | 0.996 |
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