Risk Factors of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 3

Risk factors of MDR bacteria in terms of comorbidities

Risk factors	No. of included studies	No. of included MDROs	Heterogeneity	Synthesized results
Chronic lung disease [16, 17, 26, 36, 38]	5	420	I^2 = 0.0%,	OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.51 to 3.19
Chronic liver disease [16, 32]	2	60	I^2 = 0.0%,	OR: 3.41; 95% CI: 1.55 to 7.51
Cardiac disease [16, 38]	2	97	I^2 = 57.9%,	OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.25 to 1.86
Cerebral disease [33, 36, 40]	3	308	I^2 = 73.2%,	OR: 2.98; 95% CI: 1.37 to 6.50
Renal replacement therapy [15, 38, 41]	3	131	I^2 = 0%,	OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.41 to 1.48

MDROs: multidrug-resistant organisms. Using random-effects model.